Tissue culture studies have shown that in vitro response of explants is largely dependent on media composition, auxincytokinin ratio and the choice of explants. Pierik defines the phenomenon wherein the position of explants in the mother plant influences its subsequent in vitro growth and development as topophysis. The plant hormone auxin is assumed to provide positional information for patterning during development. It is precise determination of auxins distributed across tissues and how it is sensed in space and time are uncertain. Interaction between several auxin response factors (ARFs), transcriptional activators and repressors in a complex network, control auxin-regulated gene expression.
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