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Nutrients Removed from the Soil Decide the Nutritional Security of a Nation:The Case of Iron and Zinc in India


Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, India
 

National iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) balance were computed using theoretical mean daily per capita dietary Fe and Zn requirement and composition of Fe and Znin foods in agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and fisheries sectors. The analyses imply a satisfactory situation that the intake of Fe and Zn through food sources by the Indian population is adequate. Despite sufficient availability of Fe and Zn through food, there is widespread Zn and Fe deficiency in our population.Ours is a vegetarian-dominant society. The phytate content of our foods is relatively high as the phytate content of vegetarian diets is high. This may be the main cause of the low absorption of Zn and Fe from the foods we eat. A sector-wise contribution indicated a major share of the agriculture sector, followed by the animal husbandry sector. Surprisingly, horticulture sector contributed a small portion (9.1% Zn and 12.9% Fe). The fisheries sector contributed the least.Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in following this method, caution must be exercised in interpreting the estimated figures for prevalence. Since our food sources are supplying enough Fe and Zn, our research efforts should therefore be diverted towards bioavailability rather than bio-fortification.

Keywords

Bioavailability, Food Sources, Iron, Micronutrient Deficiency, Vegetarian Diet, Zinc.
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  • Nutrients Removed from the Soil Decide the Nutritional Security of a Nation:The Case of Iron and Zinc in India

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Authors

A. N. Ganeshamurthy
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, India
D. Kalaivanan
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, India
B. L. Manjunath
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, India

Abstract


National iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) balance were computed using theoretical mean daily per capita dietary Fe and Zn requirement and composition of Fe and Znin foods in agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and fisheries sectors. The analyses imply a satisfactory situation that the intake of Fe and Zn through food sources by the Indian population is adequate. Despite sufficient availability of Fe and Zn through food, there is widespread Zn and Fe deficiency in our population.Ours is a vegetarian-dominant society. The phytate content of our foods is relatively high as the phytate content of vegetarian diets is high. This may be the main cause of the low absorption of Zn and Fe from the foods we eat. A sector-wise contribution indicated a major share of the agriculture sector, followed by the animal husbandry sector. Surprisingly, horticulture sector contributed a small portion (9.1% Zn and 12.9% Fe). The fisheries sector contributed the least.Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in following this method, caution must be exercised in interpreting the estimated figures for prevalence. Since our food sources are supplying enough Fe and Zn, our research efforts should therefore be diverted towards bioavailability rather than bio-fortification.

Keywords


Bioavailability, Food Sources, Iron, Micronutrient Deficiency, Vegetarian Diet, Zinc.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv113%2Fi06%2F1167-1173