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Neonatal sepsis is one of the primary causes of 2.7 million neonatal deaths every year followed by preterm birth. Although large-scale statistics is not available, India contributes to a major portion of this disease burden. Sepsis refers to culture-confirmed bacterial infections; however, in developing countries it primarily refers to possible severe bacterial infection (pSBI). Several conditions are clubbed together as ‘bacterial infection’ and treated with antibiotics. While preterm birth is the most common cause of death (41%) during early neonatal period (0–6 days), sepsis (37%) is the most common cause during late neonatal period (7–27 days).
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