Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Ground Motion Simulation for Earthquakes in Sumatran Region


Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
 

The present study aims at developing a model for simulating ground motion for earthquakes in the Sumatran region where one of the most devastating earthquakes took place in 2004 with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 9.1. With advancements in instrumentation, the three-dimensional material properties, topography and bathymetry of the region are available in the global database. These parameters are used as inputs in Spectral Finite Element Method to simulate ground motions. The model is first validated with the IGCAR broadband velocity data for 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra Earthquake. Due to favourable comparison, our model is also used to generate ground displacement characteristics of Mw 9.1 event. The source uncertainties are accounted by using three finite fault slip models available in the global database. The simulated time histories showed that the ground motion is sensitive to input slip models. The peak ground displacement (PGD) and ground residual displacement (GRD) in both horizontal and vertical directions are presented as contour plots. PGD obtained from various slip models in the epicentral region is of the order of 14–22 m in horizontal direction and 7–16 m in vertical direction. GRD in the epicentral region is of the order of 6–17 m in East–West (E–W) 4–17 m in the North–South (N–S) directions. The vertical uplift obtained from various slip models is around 2–8 m. The developed model can be used to simulate ground motion time histories, which can be further used in hazard analysis, tsunami simulations, etc.

Keywords

Ground Motion Time History, Ground Residual Displacement, Peak Ground Displacement, Sunda Arc.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Pailoplee, S. and Choowong, M., Earthquake frequency-magnitude distribution and fractal dimension in mainland Southeast Asia. Earth, Planets Space, 2014, 66(1), 1–10.

  • Ortiz, M. and Bilham, R., Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December 1881 Mw = 7.9 Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2003, 108(B4), 2215; doi:10.1029/2002JB001941

  • Ammon, C. J. et al., Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Science, 2005, 308(5725), 1133–1139.

  • Ji, C., Preliminary rupture model for the December 26, 2004 earthquake, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, magnitude 9.1, 2005; http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_ff.html

  • Rhie, J., Dreger, D., Bürgmann, R. and Romanowicz, B., Slip of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from joint inversion of long-period global seismic waveforms and GPS static offsets. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2007, 97(1A), S115–S127.

  • Titov, V., Rabinovich, A. B., Mofjeld, H. O., Thomson, R. E. and Gonzalez, F. I., The global reach of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami. Science, 2005, 309(5743), 2045–2048.

  • Murty, T. S., Nirupama, N., Nistor, I. and Hamdi, S., Far field characteristics of the tsunami of 26 December 2004. ISETJ Earthq. Technol., 2005, 42(4), 213–217.

  • George, D. L. and Randall, J. LeVeque, Finite volume methods and adaptive refinement for global tsunami propagation and local inundation. Sci. Tsunami. Haz., 2006, 24(5), 319–328.

  • Singh, A. P., Murty, T. S., Rastogi, B. K. and Yadav, R. B. S., Earthquake generated tsunami in the Indian Ocean and probable vulnerability assessment for the east coast of India. Mar. Geodesy, 2012, 35(1), 49–65.

  • Roshan, A. D., Basu, P. C. and Jangid, R. S., Tsunami hazard assessment of Indian coast. Nat. Hazards, 2016, 82(2), 733–762.

  • Sorensen, M. B., Atakan, K. and Pulido N., Simulated strong ground motions for the great M 9.3 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2007, 97(1A), S139–S151.

  • LeVeque, R. J., George, D. L. and Berger, M. J., Tsunami modelling with adaptively refined finite volume methods. Acta Numerica, 2011, 20, 211–289.

  • Okada, Y., Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1985, 75(4), 1135–1154.

  • Ramadan, K. T., Hassan, H. S. and Hanna, S. N., Modeling of tsunami generation and propagation by a spreading curvilinear seismic faulting in linearized shallow-water wave theory. Appl. Math. Model., 2011, 35(1), 61–79.

  • Raghukanth, S. T. G. and Bhanu Teja, B., Ground motion simulation for 26 January 2001 Gujarat earthquake by spectral finite element method. J. Earthq. Eng., 2012, 16(2), 252–273.

  • Jayalakshmi, S. and Raghukanth, S. T. G., Regional ground motion simulation around Delhi due to future large earthquake. Nat. Hazards, 2016, 82(3), 1479–1513.

  • Dhanya, J., Gade, M. and Raghuanth, S. T. G., Ground motion estimation during 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake. Acta Geod. Geophys., 2016; doi:10.1007/s40328-016-0170-8

  • Kayal, J. R., Microearthquake Seismology and Seismotectonics of South Asia, Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2008.

  • IS: 1893, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures: Part 1 – General provisions and buildings, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi, 2002.

  • Genrich, J. F., Bock, Y., McCaffrey, R., Prawirodirdjo, L., Stevens, C. W., Puntodewo, S. S. O., Subarya, C. and Wdowinski, S., Distribution of slip at the northern Sumatran fault system. J. Geo-phys. Res., 2000, 105(B12), 28–327.

  • Bock, Y. E. H. U. D. A., Prawirodirdjo, L., Genrich, J. F., Stevens, C. W., McCaffrey, R., Subarya, C., Puntodewo, S. S. O. and Calais, E., Crust al motion in Indonesia from global positioning system measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2003, 108(B8).

  • Rajendran, C. P., Earnest, A., Rajendran, K., Das, R. D. and Kesavan, S., The 13 September 2002 North Andaman (Diglipur) earthquake: an analysis in the context of regional seismicity. Curr. Sci., 2003, 84(7), 919–924.

  • Bilham, R., Engdahl, R., Feldl, N. and Satyabala, S. P., Partial and complete rupture of the Indo-Andaman plate boundary 1847–2004. Seismol. Res. Lett., 2005, 76(3), 299–311.

  • Kavitha, B. and Raghukanth, S. T. G., Stochastic earthquake ground motion model for east coast region of India. Life Cycle Reliability Safety Eng., 2013, 2(3), 41–56.

  • Patera, A. T., A spectral element method for fluid dynamics: lamina r flow in a channel expansion, J. Comput. Phys., 1984, 54(3), 468–488.

  • Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Introduction to the spectral element method for 3-D seismic wave propagation. Geophys. J. Int., 1999, 139(3), 806–822.

  • Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–I. validation. Geophys. J. Int., 2002, 149, 390–412.

  • Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–II. 3-D models, oceans, rotation, and self-gravitation. Geophys. J. Int., 2002, 150, 303–318.

  • Kustowski, B., Ekstrom, G. and Dziewoski, A. M., Anisotropinc-shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth’s mantle: a global model. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2008, 113(B6).

  • Wei, S., April/11/2012 (Mw 8.6), Sumatra. Source Models of Large Earthquakes, Caltech, 2012; http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/2012_Sumatra/index.html (last accessed on 1 July 2013).

  • GSI, Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs, Geological Survey of India, 2000.


Abstract Views: 377

PDF Views: 150




  • Ground Motion Simulation for Earthquakes in Sumatran Region

Abstract Views: 377  |  PDF Views: 150

Authors

J. Dhanya
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
S. T. G. Raghukanth
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India

Abstract


The present study aims at developing a model for simulating ground motion for earthquakes in the Sumatran region where one of the most devastating earthquakes took place in 2004 with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 9.1. With advancements in instrumentation, the three-dimensional material properties, topography and bathymetry of the region are available in the global database. These parameters are used as inputs in Spectral Finite Element Method to simulate ground motions. The model is first validated with the IGCAR broadband velocity data for 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra Earthquake. Due to favourable comparison, our model is also used to generate ground displacement characteristics of Mw 9.1 event. The source uncertainties are accounted by using three finite fault slip models available in the global database. The simulated time histories showed that the ground motion is sensitive to input slip models. The peak ground displacement (PGD) and ground residual displacement (GRD) in both horizontal and vertical directions are presented as contour plots. PGD obtained from various slip models in the epicentral region is of the order of 14–22 m in horizontal direction and 7–16 m in vertical direction. GRD in the epicentral region is of the order of 6–17 m in East–West (E–W) 4–17 m in the North–South (N–S) directions. The vertical uplift obtained from various slip models is around 2–8 m. The developed model can be used to simulate ground motion time histories, which can be further used in hazard analysis, tsunami simulations, etc.

Keywords


Ground Motion Time History, Ground Residual Displacement, Peak Ground Displacement, Sunda Arc.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi08%2F1709-1720