Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Accounting for Secondary Inner Filter Effect in Fluorescence Spectra from Solid Samples


Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, Indore 452 003, India
2 School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752 050, India
3 Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673 601, India
4 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
 

Fluorescence experiments at high fluorophore concentrations or in solid state have biological relevance and application potential in devices. Inner filter effect, arising from reabsorption of emitted photons, is the simplest of several factors that complicate the emission in these systems. This effect is prominent, especially for systems with small Stokes shift between absorption and emission. Solid state ‘dilution’ of a fluorophore with an optically transparent, non-interfering substance can significantly minimize this effect. This has been shown in the present study, using salophen as a fluorophore and NaCl as the dilutant. The general applicability of this method is tested with three more fluorophores.

Keywords

Aggregation-Induced Emission, Inner Filter Effect, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Solid-State Emitters.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Padalkar, V. S. and Seki, S., Excited-state intramolecular protontransfer (ESIPT)-inspired solid state emitters. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 169–202.

  • Kupcewicz, B. and Małecka, M., Role of Crystal packing and weak intermolecular interactions in the solid state fluorescence of N-methylpyrazoline derivatives. Cryst. Growth Des., 2015, 15, 3893–3904.

  • Das, U. K. and Dastidar, P., Aggregation enhanced emission (AEE) in organic salt: a structure–property correlation based on single crystal studies. J. Chem. Sci., 2014, 126, 1357–1362.

  • Mei, J., Leung, N. L. C., Kwok, R. T. K., Lam, J. W. Y. and Tang, B. Z., Aggregation-induced emission: together we shine, united we soar! Chem. Rev., 2015, 115, 11718–11940.

  • Hong, Y., Lam, J. W. Y. and Tang, B. Z., Aggregation-induced emission. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 5361–5388.

  • Kvittingen, E. V., Kvittingen, L., Melø, T. B., Sjursnes, B. J. and Verley, R., Demonstrating basic properties of spectroscopy using a self-constructed combined fluorimeter and UV-photometer. J. Chem. Educ., 2017, 94, 1486–1491.

  • Lakowicz, J. R., Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Springer, New York, USA, 3rd edn., 2006.

  • Kubista, M., Sj back, R., Eriksson, S. and Albinsson, B., Experimental correction for the inner-filter effect in fluorescence spectra. Analyst, 1994, 119, 417–419.

  • Fonin, A. V., Sulatskaya, A. I., Kuznetsova, I. M., Turoverov, K. K. and Saito, T., Fluorescence of dyes in solutions with high absorbance. Inner filter effect correction. PLoS One, 2014, 9, e103878.

  • Nettles, C. B., Hu, J. and Zhang, D., Using water Raman intensities to determine the effective excitation and emission path lengths of fluorophotometers for correcting fluorescence inner filter effect. Anal. Chem., 2015, 87, 4917–4924.

  • Fery-Forgues, S. and Lavabre, D., Are fluorescence quantum yields so tricky to measure? A demonstration using familiar stationery products. J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76, 1260.

  • Riesz, J., Gilmore, J. and Meredith, P., Quantitative photoluminescence of broad band absorbing melanins: a procedure to correct for inner filter and re-absorption effects. Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 2005, 61, 2153–2160.

  • Territo, P. R., Heil, J., Bose, S., Evans, F. J. and Balaban, R. S., Fluorescence absorbance inner-filter decomposition: the role of emission shape on estimates of free Ca2+ using Rhod-2. Appl. Spectrosc., 2007, 61, 138–147.

  • Iasilli, G. et al., Aggregation-induced emission of tetraphenylethylene in styrene-based polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2014, 215, 499–506.

  • Lagorio, M. G. and San Romn, E., How does light scattering affect luminescence? Fluorescence spectra and quantum yields in the solid phase. J. Chem. Educ., 2002, 79, 1362–1367.

  • Maar, R. R. and Gilroy, J. B., Aggregation-induced emission enhancement in boron difluoride complexes of 3-cyanoformazanates. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4, 6478–6482.

  • Singh, R. S. et al., Morphological tuning via structural modulations in AIE luminogens with the minimum number of possible variables and their use in live cell imaging. Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 9125–9128.

  • Srivastava, A. K. et al., Pyridyl substituted 4-(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-ylmethyl)-benzamides with aggregation enhanced emission and multi-stimuli-responsive properties. J. Lumin., 2017, 182, 274–282.

  • Feng, Q., Wang, M., Dong, B., Xu, C., Zhao, J. and Zhang, H., Tuning solid-state fluorescence of pyrene derivatives via a cocrystal strategy. CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 3623.

  • Khan, T. and Datta, A., Enhanced fluorescence with nanosecond dynamics in the solid state of metal ion complexes of alkoxy salophens. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 30120–30127.

  • Birks, J. B., Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules, Wiley-Interscience, London, 1970, 2nd edn.

  • Prunty, S. L., The effect of absorption on the quantum efficiency and decay-time in organic scintillators. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect., 1986, 245, 563–565.

  • Birks, J. B. and Wright, G. T., Fluorescence spectra of organic crystals. Proc. Phys. Soc. Sect. B, 1954, 67, 657–663.

  • Khan, T., Vaidya, S., Mhatre, D. S. and Datta, A., The prospect of salophen in fluorescence lifetime sensing of Al3+. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2016, 120, 10319–10326.

  • Khan, T. and Datta, A., Impact of molecular arrangement and torsional motion on the fluorescence of salophen and its metal complexes. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121, 2410–2417.

  • Leese, R. A. and Wehry, E. L., Corrections for inner-filter effects in fluorescence quenching measurements via right-angle and front-surface illumination. Anal. Chem., 1978, 50, 1193–1197.

  • Ventura, B. et al., Luminescence Properties of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives in solution, in their crystals and in co-crystals: toward room-temperature phosphorescence from organic materials. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 18646–18658.

  • Kirgan, R. A., Witek, P. A., Moore, C. and Rillema, D. P., Physical, photophysical and structural properties of ruthenium (ii) complexes containing a tetradentate bipyridine ligand. Dalton Trans., 2008, 3189.


Abstract Views: 461

PDF Views: 113




  • Accounting for Secondary Inner Filter Effect in Fluorescence Spectra from Solid Samples

Abstract Views: 461  |  PDF Views: 113

Authors

Tuhin Khan
Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, Indore 452 003, India
Kalyani Bhagabani
School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752 050, India
Preeti Kumari
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673 601, India
Anindya Datta
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India

Abstract


Fluorescence experiments at high fluorophore concentrations or in solid state have biological relevance and application potential in devices. Inner filter effect, arising from reabsorption of emitted photons, is the simplest of several factors that complicate the emission in these systems. This effect is prominent, especially for systems with small Stokes shift between absorption and emission. Solid state ‘dilution’ of a fluorophore with an optically transparent, non-interfering substance can significantly minimize this effect. This has been shown in the present study, using salophen as a fluorophore and NaCl as the dilutant. The general applicability of this method is tested with three more fluorophores.

Keywords


Aggregation-Induced Emission, Inner Filter Effect, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Solid-State Emitters.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi11%2F2353-2356