Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chain:Enabling National Electric Vehicle and Renewables Targets


Affiliations
1 Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560 094, India
 

Energy storage will play an important role in the Government of India’s efforts to meet the ambitious targets with regards to electric mobility and renewable energy. Among the different types of storage technologies, lithium-ion battery (LIB) is considered to be the best suited for electric vehicles (EVs). LIBs can also address intermittency problems in renewable energy integration with the grid. It is estimated that 13.8 GWh of battery capacity is required by 2020 for the EV sector and 15 GWh battery capacity is needed for grid storage requirements. Indigenization of LIB manufacturing can help to meet this large-scale demand. Moreover, indigenization has the potential to bring down the cost of a battery. One of the key components in manufacturing LIBs is lithium (as raw material), which needs to be imported as India does not have sufficient reserves. Therefore it is important to estimate the total amount of lithium required for fulfilling the domestic demand. To set-up indigenous manufacturing facilities, it is important to identify the key players in the global supply chain of the LIB industry and formulate policies that enable the success of this industry in India. This study presents a review of a complete supply chain related to manufacturing LIBs, along with policy instruments to support the domestic battery demand and supply ecosystem.

Keywords

Electric Vehicle, Grid, Lithium-Ion Battery, Supply Chain.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Pritwani, K., Sustainability of Business in the Context of Environmental Management, TERI, New Delhi, 2016, p. 136.

  • Deshpande, A., Electric mobility India perspective. In Vector India Conference, Pune, India 2017.

  • Energy Statistics, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India (GoI), Twenty Third Issue, 2016.

  • NITI Aayog and Rocky Mountain Institute, India leaps ahead: transformative mobility solutions for all, 2017.

  • Livemint, Policy push to boost electric vehicle sales; http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/24QvIByNFcKdpn1Rg1vhYK/Policy-push-to-boost-electric-vehicle-sales.html (accessed on 3 August 2017).

  • Gaines, L., Lithium-ion battery recycling issues. Technical report, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, 2000.

  • TechSci Research, Lithium ion battery market to grow at CAGR 17% till 2021; https://www.techsciresearch.com/news/1372-lithium-ion-battery-market-to-grow-at-cagr-17-till-2021.html (accessed on 3 August 2017).

  • Gulati, B., National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020, Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, GoI, 2013.

  • Roy, R. and Osborn, E. F., The system lithium metasilicate–spodumene–silica. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 6, 2086–2095.

  • Pratima, M., Pandey, B. D. and Mankhand, T. R., Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: a comprehensive review. Hydrometallurgy, 2014, 150, 192–208.

  • Dar, K. K., Beryllium, lithium and magnesium and their alloys, with reference to the possibility of their manufacture in India. eprint@National Metallurgical Laboratory, 1957, pp. 174–183.

  • General information dossier for rare earth elements (REE), Geological Survey of India, GoI, 2013.

  • Zhang, X., Sahraei, E. and Wang, W., Li-ion battery separators, mechanical integrity and failure mechanisms leading to soft and hard internal shorts. Sci. Rep., 2014, 6, 32578.

  • Business Wire, Top 5 vendors in the global battery separator market from 2017–2021: Technavio; https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170816005379/en/Top-5-Vendors-Global-Battery-Separator-Market (accessed on 22 January 2018).

  • Lebedeva, N., Persio, F. D. and Boon-Brett, L., Lithium ion battery value chain and related opportunities for Europe, European Commission, Petten, The Netherlands, 2016.

  • Ohki, Y., News from Japan. IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., 2016, 32, 64–66.

  • Business Standard, Exide eyes foray into lithium ion batteries; http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/exide-eyes-foray-into-lithium-ion-batteries-117072701274_1.html (accessed on 22 January 2018).

  • FactorDaily, India’s gigafactories: Reliance, Adani, Suzuki, JSW, Hero in race to set up multi-billion dollar battery plants; https://factordaily.com/reliance-adani-lithium-ion-battery-factories-india/ (accessed on 22 January 2018).

  • Mohr, S. H., Mudd, G. M. and Giurco, D., Lithium resources and production: critical assessment and global projections. Minerals, 2012, 2, 65–84.


Abstract Views: 541

PDF Views: 118




  • Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chain:Enabling National Electric Vehicle and Renewables Targets

Abstract Views: 541  |  PDF Views: 118

Authors

Epica Mandal Sarkar
Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560 094, India
Tanmay Sarkar
Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560 094, India
Mridula D. Bharadwaj
Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560 094, India

Abstract


Energy storage will play an important role in the Government of India’s efforts to meet the ambitious targets with regards to electric mobility and renewable energy. Among the different types of storage technologies, lithium-ion battery (LIB) is considered to be the best suited for electric vehicles (EVs). LIBs can also address intermittency problems in renewable energy integration with the grid. It is estimated that 13.8 GWh of battery capacity is required by 2020 for the EV sector and 15 GWh battery capacity is needed for grid storage requirements. Indigenization of LIB manufacturing can help to meet this large-scale demand. Moreover, indigenization has the potential to bring down the cost of a battery. One of the key components in manufacturing LIBs is lithium (as raw material), which needs to be imported as India does not have sufficient reserves. Therefore it is important to estimate the total amount of lithium required for fulfilling the domestic demand. To set-up indigenous manufacturing facilities, it is important to identify the key players in the global supply chain of the LIB industry and formulate policies that enable the success of this industry in India. This study presents a review of a complete supply chain related to manufacturing LIBs, along with policy instruments to support the domestic battery demand and supply ecosystem.

Keywords


Electric Vehicle, Grid, Lithium-Ion Battery, Supply Chain.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi12%2F2453-2458