Exopolysaccharides from Cyanobacteria and Microalgae and Their Commercial Application

Cyanobacteria and green algae are phototrophic microorganisms showing high diversity in their cellular structure in response to the environmental conditions of the niche where they occur. Production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in response to adverse conditions is one of the important features of these organisms. EPS are present mainly around their cells/ filaments as an enveloped layer and released outside. EPS play protective functions and are important for their survival in stressed habitats exposed to radiation, desiccation and elevated temperatures. This review discusses the production, extraction and possible commercial applications of EPS produced by cyanobacteria and green algae.