Preparation of Nanosized Bioapatite by Cryogenic Grinding from Sintered Scales of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix (Cuvier and Valenciennes)

The present study is based on the processing of bioapatite (BAp) of sintered fish scales, i.e. heat treated fish scales at 900°C, by the cryogenic grinding technique. It shows that BAp formed by cryogenic grinding of sintered fish scales became purer and nanosized. Earlier studies had reported that nanosized bioapatite increases the resorbability and bioactivity for tissue replacement and regeneration like bones and dental tissues of human beings. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of sintered fish scale BAp confirmed the presence of tetracalcium phosphate with Ca/P ratio of 1.97. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed microsized particles. The sintered fish scales when cryoground showed the formation of nanosized particles as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and DLS. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of sintered and cryoground BAp had similar functional groups, but cryoground BAp showed greater purity.