Open Access
Subscription Access
Fourth-Generation Refrigerant:HFO 1234yf
Refrigeration is a process to transfer heat from the objects for cooling and freezing for maintaining the temperature of surroundings for preservation purposes and comfort. Refrigerants are the materials to use in air-conditioning and refrigeration system. This article describes the developments and history of the first-, second-, third- and fourth-generation refrigerants. Moreover, the focus is on a fourth-generation refrigerant, viz. HFO-1234yf having zero ozone depletion potential and very low global warming potential. Synthesis procedure, chemistry, applications and consumption norms of HFO-1234yf are explained.
Keywords
Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, Fourth-Generation Refrigerants, Global Warming Potential, Ozone Depleting Potential.
User
Font Size
Information
- Sahu, J. C. and Mandal, B. K.; http://www.coolingindia.in/blog/post/id/9952/recent-developments-in-alternative-refrigerants (accessed on 15 May 2016).
- http://www.linde-gas.ro/internet.lg.lg.rou/ro/images/refrigerant_environmentalimpact_brochure_07_201254_80042.pdf?v=1.0 (accessed on 6 July 2016).
- Verma, J. K., Satsangi, A. and Chaturani, V., A review of alternative to R134a (CH3CH2F) refrigerant. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., 2013, 3(1), 300-304.
- Papasavva, S. and Moomaw, W., Comparison between HFC-134a and alternative refrigerants in mobile air conditioners using the GREEN-MAC-LCCP© model. In 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue, USA, 2014, Paper 1475, pp. 1-10.
- ASHRAE: Position Document on Refrigerants and their Responsible Use. 2012.
- Venkatarathnam, G. and Murthy, S. S., Refrigerants for vapour compression refrigeration systems. Resonance, 2012, 17(2), 139-162.
- Brown, S., Refrigerants and global climate change. In Engineering Colloquium, Godderd Space Flight Center, Maryland, 2010.
- Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Andersen, M. P. S., Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J. and Singh, R., Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CFCH2 : kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3 . Chem. Phys. Lett., 2007, 439, 18-22.
- Honeywell, Honeywell HF0-1234ze Blowing Agent, Honeywall Sales Specification, 2008; https://www51.honeywell.com/sm/lgwpfr/ common/documents/FP LGWP FR Honeywell-HFO-1234ze Literature document.pdf (accessed on 13 July 2016).
- Nappa, M. J., Lousenberg, R. D. and Jackson, A., Synthesis of 1234YF by selective dehydrochlorination of 244bb. US 8263817 B2, 2012.
- Nappa, M. J., Lousenberg, R. D. and Jackson, A., Synthesis of 1234yf by selective dehydrochlorination of 244bb. US 2012/ 0172638 A1, 2012.
- Bektesevic, S., Tung, H. S., Wang, H., Merkel, D. C. and Johnson, R. C., Method for producing tetrafluoropropenes. US 2011/ 0270000 A1, 2011.
- Wang, H. and Tung, H. S., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. WO 2013/049742 A1, 2013.
- Wang, H. and Tung, H. S., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 9416074 B2, 2016.
- Wang, H., Tung, H. S. and Daniel, C., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2014/0350309, 2014.
- Elsheikh, M. Y., Bonnet, P. and Chen, B. B., Process for the manufacture of tetrafluoroolefins. US 2013/0035526 A1, 2013.
- Jackson, A., Lousenberg, R. D. and Nappa, M. J., Synthesis of 1234yf by selective dehydrochlorination of 244bb. WO 2012/ 006295 A1, 2012.
- Sharratt, A. P., Low, R. E. and McCarthy, J. C., Process for preparing R-1234yf by base mediated dehydrohalogenation. US 8822740 B2, 2014.
- Sharratt, A. P., Low, R. E. and McCarthy, J. C., Process for preparing R-1234yf by base mediated dehydrohalogenation. US 2013/ 0274528 A1, 2013.
- Elsheikh, M. Y., Bonnet, P., Keeley, O. C. N. and Chen, B. B., Dehydrofluorination of pentafluoroalkanes to form tetrafluoroolefins. US 2013/0060069 A1, 2013.
- Wendlinger, L., Bonnet, P., Pigamo, A. and Doucet, N., Process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2013/ 0267740 A1, 2013.
- Yang, G. et al., Method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 9,115,042 B2, 2015.
- Yang, G. et al., Method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. EP 2756883 A1, 2014.
- Mukhopadhyay, S., Light, B. A., Fleming, K. M., Phillips, S. D. and Dubey, R. K., Gas phase synthesis of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1propene from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene. US 2009/ 0124837 A1, 2009.
- Johnson, R. C. and Merkel, D. C., Method for prolonging a catalyst’s life during hydrofluorination. US 2010/0331583 A1, 2010.
- Bektesevic, S., Tung, H. S. and Wang, H., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2014/0235904, 2014.
- Kopkalli, H., Chiu, Y. and Tung, H. S., Method for producing fluorinated organic compounds. US 2011/0207974 A9, 2011.
- Nose, M. and Komatsu, Y., Process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene. US 8772554 B2, 2014.
- Van Der Puy, M., Process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene (HF0-1234yf). US 8071826 B2, 2011.
- Cottrell, S. A., Chiu, Y., Kopkalli, H., Tung, H. S., Uhrich, K. D. and Scheidle, P., Methods of making 2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoro-2-propene. US 2012/0184785, 2012.
- Nose, M. and Komatsu, Y., Process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene. WO 2013/015068 A1, 2013.
- Nappa, M. J., Mallikarjuna, V. N. and Slevert, A. C., Processes for producing 2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene, a process for producing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-penta-fluoropropane and azeotropic compositions of 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene with hf. US 2010/0076231 A1, 2010.
- Devic, M., Guillet, D., Guiraud, E. and Wendlinger, L., Method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene. US 2010/0305370 A1, 2010.
- Seki, R., Okamoto, H., Takagi, H. and Kawaguchi, S., Process for producing 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene, US 8642820 B2, 2014.
- Rao, V. N. M. and Sievert, A. C., Process for producing 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene. US 2010/0022808 A1, 2010.
- Takagi, H. and Okamoto, H., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2011/0319679 A1, 2011.
- Kawaguchi, S., Okamoto, H., Takeuchi, Y., Takagi, H., Watanabe, K. and Yanase, K., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2011/0319680 A1, 2011.
- Nappa, M. J., Compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,2,3-tetra-chloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane. US 9051500 B2, 2015.
- Wang, H. and Tung, H. S., Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 2014/0303409 A1, 2014.
- Yang, G., Method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. US 9115042 B2, 2015.
- Scott, B. F., Spencer, C., Scott, A. and Mabury, Muir, D. C. G., Poly and perfluorinated carboxylates in North American precipitation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2006, 40, 7167-7174.
- Berg, M., Muller, S. R., Muhlemann, J., Wiedmer, A. and Schwarzenbach, R. P., Concentrations and mass fluxes of chloroacetic acids and trifluoroacetic acid in rain and natural waters in Switzerland. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2000, 34, 2675-2683.
- Frank, H., Christoph, E. H., Holm-Hansen, O. and Bullister, J. L., Trifluoroacetate in ocean waters. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36, 12-15.
- Scott, B. F. et al., Trifluoroacetate profiles in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 6555-6560.
- Von Sydow, L., Grimvall, A., Boren, H., Laniewski, K. and Nielsen, A., Natural background levels of trifluoroacetate in rain and snow. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2000, 34, 3115-3118.
- Boutonnet, J. C. et al., Environmental risk assessment of trifluoroacetic acid. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 1999, 5, 59-124.
- Kim, B. R., Suidan, M. T., Wallington, T. J. and Du, X., Biodegradability of trifluoroacetic acid. Environ. Eng. Sci., 2009, 17(6), 337-342.
- Tang, X., Madronich, S., Wallington, T. and Calamari, D., Changes in tropospheric composition and air quality. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 1998, 46(1-3), 83-95.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (accessed on 12 December 2015).
- Brown, J. S., HFOs: new, low global warming potential refrigerants. ASHRAE J., 2009, 22-29.
- Akasaka, R., Kayukawa, Y., Kano, Y. and Fujii, K., Fundamental equation of state for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf). In International Symposium on Next-Gene ration Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, Japan, 2010.
- Brown, J. S., Zilio, C. and Cavallini, A., Critical review of the latest thermodynamic and transport property data and models, and equations of state for R-1234yf. In 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue, USA, 2010, Paper 1130, pp. 1-9.
- Cang, C., Saitoh, S., Nakamura, Y., Li, M. and Hihara, E., Boiling heat transfer of HFO-1234yf flowing in smooth small-diameter horizontal tube. In International Symposium on Next-Generation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, Japan, 2010.
- Higashi, Y., Thermophysical properties of HFO-1234yf and HFO1234ze (E). In International Symposium on Next-Generation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, Japan, 2010.
- McLinden, M. O., Thol, M. and Lemmon, E. W., Thermodynamic properties of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene [R 1234ze(e)]: measurements of density and vapor pressure and a comprehensive international equation of state. In 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue, USA, 2010, pp. 1-8.
- Reaser, P., Aute, V. and Radermacher, R., Refrigerant R1234yf performance comparison investigation. In International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, USA, Paper 1085, 2010, pp. 1-7.
- Zhang, S. J., Wang, H. X. and Guo, T., Evaluation of nonazeotropic mixtures containing HFOs as potential refrigerants in refrigeration and high-temperature heat pump systems. Sci. China Technol Sci., 2010, 53, 1855-1861.
- Esbri, J. N., Miranda, J. M. M., Babiloni, A. M., Cervera, A. B.and Flores, J. M. B., Experimental analysis of R1234yf as a dropin replacement for R134a in a vapor compression system. Int. J. Refrig., 2012, 36, 870-880.
- Jung, D., Lee, Y. and Kang, D., Performance of virtually nonflammable azeotropic HFO1234yf/HFC134a mixture for HFC134a applications. Int. J. Refrig., 2013, 36, 1203-1207.
- Araz, M., Gungor, A. and Hepbasli, A., Experimental exergetic performance evaluation of an elevator air conditioner using R-1234yf. IACSIT Int. J. Eng. Technol, 2015, 7(3), 254-260.
- Minor, B. H. and Spatz, M., HFO-1234yf low GWP refrigerant update. In International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue, USA, 14-17 July 2008.
- Ansari, N. A., Yadav, B. and Kumar, J., Theoretical exergy analysis of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as an alternative replacement of HFC-134a in simple vapour compression. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2013, 4(8), 137.
- https://www.kth.se/en/itm/inst/energiteknik/forskning/ett/projekt/koldmedier-med-lag-gwp/low-gwp-news/stabilitet-och-kompatibilitetav-hfo-koldmedier-1.328321
- Koban, M., HFO-1234yf low GWP refrigerant - a global sustainable solution for mobile air conditioning. In Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, SAE International, Scottsdale, AZ, 2008, p. 108.
- Minor, B. H., Herrmann, D. and Gravell, R., Flammability characteristics of HFO-1234yf. Process Saf. Prog., 2010, 29(2), 150154.
- https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en US/assets/downloads/SmartAutoAC/20100520 VDA press briefing.pdf (accessed on 15 August 2016).
- http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/news/news detail.brand gm.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/July/0723 refrigerant (accessed on 13 September 2016).
Abstract Views: 322
PDF Views: 119