Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Estimation of Soil Properties and Leaf Nutrients Status of Oil Palm Plantations in an Intensively Cultivated Region of India


Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462 038, India
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari 534 450, India
 

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is cultivated in several countries of the world. The information pertaining to soil properties and status of leaf nutrients in oil palm plantations (OPP) is essential for proper nutrient management to obtain higher yield of the crop. The study, therefore, was undertaken by conducting a survey of OPP in west Godavari district, India and collecting 306 soil samples and 153 leaf samples. Collected samples (soil and leaf) were analysed for different parameters after their processing. The studied soil parameters (soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available phosphorous, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available sulphur and available boron) in surface (0 to 20 cm) and sub-surface (20 to 40 cm) soil varied widely. The soil parameters had CV values from 7.13% to 80.7%. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaf samples were 0.62–3.97%, 0.04–0.26%, and 0.34–1.38% respectively. Whereas, the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) and boron (B) were 0.66–2.66%, 0.10–1.03%, 0.02–0.35% and 9.55– 119 mg kg–1 respectively. The norms and indices of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) were obtained using various nutrient expressions. The leaf nutrient requirement order was B > Mg > K > N > P. The optimum concentrations of leaf nutrients were 1.57–2.63% for N, 0.08–0.16% for P, 0.48–0.88% for K, 0.25–0.71% for Mg and 22.6– 60.2 mg kg–1 for B. Information about soil nutrient status and nutrient requirement order and optimum leaf nutrient ranges can be used for effective management of nutrients in the OPP of the study region.

Keywords

DRIS, Leaf Nutrient, Oil Palm, Soil Property.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Anon, World palm oil production 2016/2017, 2017; www.worldpalmoilproduction.com/default.asp (accessed on 12 May 2017).

  • Rethinam, P., Arulraj, S. and Rao, B. N., Assessment of additional potential areas for oil palm cultivation in India. Report submitted to Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India. Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh, 2012, pp. 1–84.

  • Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A., Principles of Plant Nutrition, International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland, 1987.

  • Prasad, M. V., Sarkar, A. and Jameema, J., Performance of oil palm production technologies. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edn., 2013, 10, 10–15.

  • Suresh, K., Mathur, R. K. and Behera, S. K., Oil palm. In Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops (eds Rao, N. et al.), Springer India, 2016, pp. 333–342.

  • Behera, S. K., Rao, B. N. and Suresh, K., Soil health management in oil palm. In Soil Health Management in Plantation Crops (eds Maheswarappa, H. P. and Chowdappa, P.), Today & Tomorrow’s Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2017, pp. 115–144.

  • Goh, K. J., Hardter, R. and Fairhust, T. H., Fertilizer for maximum return. In Oil Palm: Management for High and Sustainable Yields (eds Fairhust, T. H. and Hardter, R.), International Potash Institute, Singapore, 2003, pp. 279–306.

  • Beaufils, E. R., Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS): a general scheme for experimentation and calibration based on principals developed from research in plant nutrition. Univ. Natal. Soil Sci. Bull., 1973, 1, 1–132.

  • Sumner, M. E., Interpretation of nutrient ratios in plant tissues. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 1978, 9, 335–345.

  • Pimolaskar, M. and Bhargava, B. S., Leaf and soil nutrient norms in mango (Mangifera indica L.) grown in tribal belt of southern Gujarat. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 2003, 51, 268–272.

  • Nachtigall, G. R. and Dechen, A. R., DRIS use on apple orchard nutritional evaluation in response to potassium fertilization. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2007, 38, 2557–2566.

  • Savita, B. and Anjaneyulu, K., Development of leaf nutrient norms and identification of yield limiting nutrients using DRIS in sapota cv. Kalipatti. J. Hortic. Sci., 2008, 3(2), 136–140.

  • Hundal, H. S., Singh, D. and Singh, K., Monitoring nutrient status of guava fruit trees in Punjab, northwest India through diagnostic and recommendation integrated system approach. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2007, 38, 2117–2130.

  • Behera, S. K., Suresh, K., Rao, B. N., Manoja, K. and Manorama, K., Soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient norms in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations grown on west coastal area of India. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2016, 47(2), 255–262.

  • Behera, S. K., Suresh, K., Rao, B. N., Ramachandrudu, K., Manorama, K. and Harinarayana, P., Soil fertility and yield limiting nutrients in oil palm plantations of north-eastern state Mizoram of India. J. Plant Nutr., 2017, 40(8), 1165–1171.

  • Matos, G. S. B., Fernandes, A. R., Wadt, P. G. S., Pina, A. J. A., Franzini, V. I. and Ramos, H. M. N., The use of DRIS for nutritional diagnosis in oil palm in the state of Pará. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo., 2017, 41, e0150466; doi:10.1590/ 18069657rbcs20150466.

  • Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxonomy. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, 2014, 12th edn.

  • Behera, S. K. and Suresh, K., Soil and leaf sampling in oil palm. In Compendium of Lectures on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Analysis in Oil Palm (eds Prasad, M. V., Behera, S. K. and Mounika, B.), Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, India, 2013, pp. 14–19.

  • Jackson, M. L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, Indian edn., New Delhi, 1973.

  • Walkley, A. J. and Black, I. A., An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 1934, 37, 29–38.

  • Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanable, F. S. and Dean, L. A., Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular of United States Department of Agriculture No. 939, 1954.

  • Hanway, J. J. and Heidel, H., Soil analyses methods as used in Iowa state college soil testing laboratory. Iowa Agric., 1952, 57, 1–31.

  • Jones Jr, J. B., Soil test methods: past, present, and future. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 1998, 29, 1543–1552.

  • Williams, C. H. and Steinbergs, A., Soil sulphur fractions as chemical indices of available sulphur in some Australian soils. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1969, 10, 340–352.

  • Gupta, U. C., A simplified method for determining hot-water soluble boron in podzol soils. Soil Sci., 1967, 103, 424–428.

  • Gaines, T. P. and Mitchell, G. A., Boron determination in plant tissue by the azomethine-H method. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 1979, 10, 1099–1108.

  • Walworth, J. L. and Sumner, M. E., The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Adv. Soil Sci., 1987, 6, 149–188.

  • Bhargava, B. S., Leaf analysis for nutrient diagnosis, recommendation and management in fruit crops. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 2002, 50, 352–373.

  • Behera, S. K. et al., Spatial variability of some soil properties varies in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations of west coastal area of India. Solid Earth, 2016, 7, 979–993.

  • Lee, C. T., Rahman, Z. A., Musa, M. H., Norizan, M. S. and Tan, C. C., Leaf nutrient concentrations in oil palm as affected by genotypes, irrigation and terrain. J. Oil Palm Environ., 2011, 2, 38–47.

  • Behera, S. K., Suresh, K., Ramachandrudu, K., Manorama, K. and Rao, B. N., Mapping spatial variability of leaf nutrient status of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in India. Crop Pasture Sci., 2016, 67(1), 109–116; doi: 10.1071/CP15029.


Abstract Views: 310

PDF Views: 104




  • Estimation of Soil Properties and Leaf Nutrients Status of Oil Palm Plantations in an Intensively Cultivated Region of India

Abstract Views: 310  |  PDF Views: 104

Authors

Sanjib Kumar Behera
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462 038, India
Arvind Kumar Shukla
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462 038, India
Kancherla Suresh
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari 534 450, India
Ravi Kumar Mathur
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari 534 450, India

Abstract


Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is cultivated in several countries of the world. The information pertaining to soil properties and status of leaf nutrients in oil palm plantations (OPP) is essential for proper nutrient management to obtain higher yield of the crop. The study, therefore, was undertaken by conducting a survey of OPP in west Godavari district, India and collecting 306 soil samples and 153 leaf samples. Collected samples (soil and leaf) were analysed for different parameters after their processing. The studied soil parameters (soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available phosphorous, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available sulphur and available boron) in surface (0 to 20 cm) and sub-surface (20 to 40 cm) soil varied widely. The soil parameters had CV values from 7.13% to 80.7%. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaf samples were 0.62–3.97%, 0.04–0.26%, and 0.34–1.38% respectively. Whereas, the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) and boron (B) were 0.66–2.66%, 0.10–1.03%, 0.02–0.35% and 9.55– 119 mg kg–1 respectively. The norms and indices of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) were obtained using various nutrient expressions. The leaf nutrient requirement order was B > Mg > K > N > P. The optimum concentrations of leaf nutrients were 1.57–2.63% for N, 0.08–0.16% for P, 0.48–0.88% for K, 0.25–0.71% for Mg and 22.6– 60.2 mg kg–1 for B. Information about soil nutrient status and nutrient requirement order and optimum leaf nutrient ranges can be used for effective management of nutrients in the OPP of the study region.

Keywords


DRIS, Leaf Nutrient, Oil Palm, Soil Property.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv117%2Fi3%2F498-502