Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Development and Characterization of Commercial Biodegradable Films using Blown Film Extrusion Technology


Affiliations
1 Centre of Excellence on Soybean Processing and Utilization, ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal 462 038, India
2 LARPM, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India
3 Divisions of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 105, India
4 Agro Produce Processing and Division, ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal 462 038, India
 

The aim of this study was to develop commercial polylactic acid (PLA), PLA + polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PLA + polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)-based biodegradable films using blown film extrusion technology. The films produced were characterized for morphological, structural, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. The haze %, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate (OTR), water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) parameters were varied from 10.65% to 28%, 48.3 to 56.49 MPa, 194.55 to 318.25 cc/m2/day and 175 to 318.18 (gm/m2/day) respectively for developed films. The study showed that better haze properties in biofilm are achived by compatibilizing with PEG. Thermal degradation of virgin PLA takes place in a single weight loss step with degradation peak at 349.77°C compared to PLA + PBAT blended that took two weight loss step. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy study was used to monitor the absorption peak shifts in specific regions to determine the known functional group interactions of the PLA with various types of materials. In all the films the absorbtion peaks appeared at 1451.2–1451.7 and 2921.2–2944.3 cm–1 corresponding to asymmetrical deformation of C–H bond. The stretching of C=O band vibration appeared at 1745.2–1745.7 cm–1 in PLA, PLA + PEG and PLA + PBAT film. From the fracture scanning electron microscope micrographs, there was smooth surface texture for films, and no interfacial differences were visible indicating the presence of a single phase and structural integrity of the films. The developed packaging films were subjected to MA packaging study with capsicum and found to be at par with low-density polyethylene + linear low-density polyethylene in maintaining the texture, colour and overall market quality.

Keywords

Biodegradable Film, Characterization, Extrusion Blown Film, PBAT, Polyethylene Glycol, Polylactic Acid.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Anon., European Bioplastics. Bioplastics facts and figures 2016. Available at: http://www.european-bioplastics.org/ (accessed on 1 March 2017).

  • Anon., FICCI, Potential of plastics industry in Northern India with special focus on plasticulture and food processing. A report on plastics industry, 2014

  • Anon., Asia Petrochemical Industry Conference. India Petrochemicals Industry Outlook to 2015, New Delhi.

  • Anon., Central Pollution Control Board. Website Material on Plastic Waste Management, India, 2013.

  • Tripathi, A. D., Srivastava, S. K. and Yadav, A., Biopolymers potential biodegradable packaging material for food industry. In Polymers for Packaging Applications, Apple Academic Press, 2014.

  • Anon., European Strategy on Plastic Waste in the Environment, UK, 2013.

  • Hernandez-Munoz, P. and Kanavouras, A., Development and characterization of biodegradable films made from wheat gluten protein. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51(26), 7647–7654.

  • Luckachan, G. E. and Pillai, C. K. S., Chitosan/oligo L-lactide graft copolymers: effect of hydrophobic side chains on the physicochemical properties and biodegradability. Carbohydr. Polym., 2006, 24, 254–266.

  • Nair, L. S. and Laurencin, C. T., Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog. Polymer Sci., 2007, 32, 762–798.

  • Lu, D. R., Xiao, C. M. and Xu, S. J., Starch-based completely biodegradable polymer materials. Express Polym. Lett., 2009, 3(6), 366–375.

  • Johnson, R. M., Biopolymers, Smithers Rapra, Ravenna, Ohio, United States, 2003, pp. 4–15.

  • Mangaraj, S., Goswami, T. K. and Mahajan, P. V., Application of plastic films in modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables – a review. Food Eng. Rev., 2009, 1, 133–158.

  • Ahvenainen, R., Novel Food Packaging Techniques, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Sawston, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 519–533.

  • Zhao, R., Torley, P. and Halley, P. J., Emerging biodegradable materials: starch- and protein-based bio-nanocomposites. J. Mater Sci., 2008, 43, 3058–3071.

  • Mangaraj, S. and Goswami, T. K., Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables for extending shelf-life – a review. Fresh Produce, 2009, 3(1), 1–31.

  • Mangaraj, S. and Goswami, T. K., Modified atmosphere packaging – an ideal food preservation technique. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2009, 46(5), 399–410.

  • Smith, R., Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Sawston, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 3– 29, 140–158, 189–213, 251–281.

  • Zhang, J. F. and Sun, X., Mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid)/starch composites compatibilized by maleic anhydride. Biomacromolecules, 2004, 5, 1446–1451.

  • Pawar, P. A. and Purwar, A. H., Bioderadable polymers in food packaging. Am. J. Eng. Res., 2013, 2(5), 151–164.

  • Cliffe-Byrnes, V. and O’Beirne, D., Effects of chlorine treatment and packaging on the quality and shelf-life of modified atmosphere (MA) packaged coleslaw mix. Food Control, 2005, 16, 707–716.

  • Leistner, L. and Gould, G. W., Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002.

  • Mangaraj, S., Goswami, T. K. and Panda, D. K., Modeling of gas transmission properties of polymeric films used for MA Packaging of fruits. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2015, 52(9), 5456–5469.

  • Mangaraj, S., Goswami, T. K. and Mahajan, P. V., Development and validation of a comprehensive model for MAP of fruits based on enzyme kinetics theory and Arrhenious relation. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2015, 52(7), 4286–4295.

  • Das, M. N. and Giri, N. C., Design and Analysis of Experiments, 1986, Second edn, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.

  • Ohta, H., Shiina, T. and Sasaki, K., Dictionary of Freshness and Shelf-life of Food, Science Forum Co, Ltd, Tokyo, 2002.

  • Koide, S. and Shi, J., Microbial and quality evaluation of green peppers stored in biodegradable film packaging. Food Control, 2003, 18, 1121–1125.

  • Tanada-Palmu, O. S. and Grosso, C. R. F., Effect of edible wheat glúten-based films and coatings on refrigerated strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) quality. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2005, 36, 199–208.

  • Howard, L. R., Smith, R. T., Wagner, A. B., Villalon, B. and Burns, E. E., Provitamin A and ascorbic acid content of fresh peppers cultivars (Capsicum annuum) and processed jalapenos. J. Food Sci., 1994, 59(2), 362–365.

  • Manolopoulou, H., Xanthopoulos, G., Douros, N. and Lambrinos, Gr., Modified atmosphere packaging storage of green bell peppers: quality criteria. Biosyst. Eng., 2010, 106, 535–543.


Abstract Views: 335

PDF Views: 127




  • Development and Characterization of Commercial Biodegradable Films using Blown Film Extrusion Technology

Abstract Views: 335  |  PDF Views: 127

Authors

S. Mangaraj
Centre of Excellence on Soybean Processing and Utilization, ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal 462 038, India
S. Mohanty
LARPM, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India
S. Swain
Divisions of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 105, India
A. Yadav
Agro Produce Processing and Division, ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal 462 038, India

Abstract


The aim of this study was to develop commercial polylactic acid (PLA), PLA + polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PLA + polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)-based biodegradable films using blown film extrusion technology. The films produced were characterized for morphological, structural, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. The haze %, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate (OTR), water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) parameters were varied from 10.65% to 28%, 48.3 to 56.49 MPa, 194.55 to 318.25 cc/m2/day and 175 to 318.18 (gm/m2/day) respectively for developed films. The study showed that better haze properties in biofilm are achived by compatibilizing with PEG. Thermal degradation of virgin PLA takes place in a single weight loss step with degradation peak at 349.77°C compared to PLA + PBAT blended that took two weight loss step. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy study was used to monitor the absorption peak shifts in specific regions to determine the known functional group interactions of the PLA with various types of materials. In all the films the absorbtion peaks appeared at 1451.2–1451.7 and 2921.2–2944.3 cm–1 corresponding to asymmetrical deformation of C–H bond. The stretching of C=O band vibration appeared at 1745.2–1745.7 cm–1 in PLA, PLA + PEG and PLA + PBAT film. From the fracture scanning electron microscope micrographs, there was smooth surface texture for films, and no interfacial differences were visible indicating the presence of a single phase and structural integrity of the films. The developed packaging films were subjected to MA packaging study with capsicum and found to be at par with low-density polyethylene + linear low-density polyethylene in maintaining the texture, colour and overall market quality.

Keywords


Biodegradable Film, Characterization, Extrusion Blown Film, PBAT, Polyethylene Glycol, Polylactic Acid.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv116%2Fi6%2F997-1002