Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effects of Laser Irradiation on the Microstructure and Surface Morphology of Zinc Oxide Doped with Different Additives


Affiliations
1 Space Research Laboratory, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, EL Marsad Street 1, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
2 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 1 Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
3 Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, EL Marsad Street 1, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
 

Zinc oxide (ZnO) disc samples doped with copper oxide as the main impurity were prepared and irradiated for 2 min by 1.064 μm semi-train of 20 ps pulses having energy of 80 mJ in a spot size of 5 mm diameter and average pulse power density of about 1.3 GW/cm2. X-ray diffraction reveals a large increase in the average crystallite size after laser irradiation for 2 min, which leads to a consequent large decrease in the average dislocation as it is inversely proportional to the square of the crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy images show the presence of inter-granular phase and CuO particles between the ZnO grain boundaries. They also show a noticeable decrease of ZnO grain size after laser irradiation for 2 min due to grain melting. Atomic force microscopy shows increase in the roughness after laser irradiation. The laser irradiation of samples also resulted in the destruction of ZnO surface hexagonal structure with large increase of inter-granular spaces, which may be due to grain melting. The laser-induced grain melting also resulted in increasing roughness and in forming pores, cracks and particulates with dimensions comparable to average grain size. The binding energies of Zn 2p, Cu 2p, Cr 2p and O 1s core levels of ZnO varistor surfaces were determined for one sample by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Keywords

Laser Irradiation, Microstructure, Surface Morphology, X-Ray Diffraction, Zinc Oxide.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Overschelde, O. V. et al., J. Appl. Phys., 2008, 104, 103106.

  • Overschelde, O. V., Guisbiers, G. and Wantelet, M., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, 15343–15345.

  • Lu, H. et al., Effects of laser irradiation on the structure and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Mater. Lett., 2010, 64, 2072– 2075.

  • Pauleau, I., Material Surface Processing by Directed Energy Techniques, Elsevier, 2005.

  • Pradhan, B., Batabyal, S. K. and Pal, A. J., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2007, 91, 769–773.

  • Wang, M. R., Wang, J., Chen, W., Cui, Y. and Wang, L. D., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2006, 97, 219–225.

  • Nahm, C. W., Mater. Lett., 2008, 62, 4440–4442.

  • Wan, Q., Li, Q. H., Chen, Y. J., Wang, T. H. and He, X. L., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004, 84, 3654–3656.

  • Alexander, W. and Street, A., Metals in the Service of Man, 1985, 8th edn.

  • Hoppe, M. et al., (CuO–Cu2O)/ZnO : Al heterojunctions for volatile organic compound detection. Sensor. Actuat. B, 2018, 255(2), 1362–1375.

  • Razali, N. Z., Abdullah, A. H. and Haron, M. J., Synthesis of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles and CuO doped ZnO nanophotocatalysts. Adv. Mater. Res., 2012, 364, 402–407.

  • Mansour, S. E., Desouky, O. A., Najar, A. M. and Negim ElSayed, M., Sakhy, M. and Mun, G. A., Effect of temperature on the characteristics of zinc oxide with cerium oxide at constant frequency (20 kHz). Euro. J. Appl. Sci., 2013, 5(3), 100–106.

  • Jianga, F., Penga, Z., Zanga, Y. and Fub, X., Progress on rareearth doped ZnO-based varistor materials. J. Adv. Ceram., 2013, 2(3), 201–212.

  • Matsuoka, M., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1971, 10, 736.

  • Saadeldin, M. M. et al., Study of the electrical properties and the microstructure of ZnO varistors doped with CuO and Na3BiO3m, 2015.

  • Steele, P. C. H., Applied Science, Elsevier, A. Iagrange, 1993, p. 1.

  • Ibrahim, M., Hanna, Y. S., Samwel, S. W. and Hegazy, M. A., Satellite laser ranging in Egypt. NRIAG J. Astron. Geophys., 2015, 4(1), 123–129.

  • Ibrahim, M., 17 years of ranging from the Helwan-SLR station. Astrophys. Space Sci. J., 2011, 335, 379–387.

  • Mansour, H. M., Khalil, A. A. I., Helali, M. Y. and Mansour, M., Development of the stability on the laser system used at satellite laser ranging station. J. Nucl. Part. Phys., 2014, 4(1), 7–16.

  • Yoshio, K., Onodera, A., Satoh, H., Sakagami, N. and Yamashita, H., Ferroelectrics, 2001, 264, 133.

  • Connolly, J. R., Diffraction Basics, Part 2, for EPS400-002, Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffraction, 2012.

  • Warren, B. E., X-Ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, 1969.

  • Grieken, R. and Markowicz, A., Handbook of X-Ray Spectrometry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002, 2nd edn.

  • Saadeldin, M. M., Younis, M. M., Ahmed, M. M. and Helali, M. Y., The effect of firing temperature on the electrical properties and the microstructure of ZnO varistors doped with CuO. Indian J. Appl. Res., 2015, 5(10).


Abstract Views: 403

PDF Views: 154




  • Effects of Laser Irradiation on the Microstructure and Surface Morphology of Zinc Oxide Doped with Different Additives

Abstract Views: 403  |  PDF Views: 154

Authors

M. Y. Helali
Space Research Laboratory, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, EL Marsad Street 1, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
M. M. Saadeldin
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 1 Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
Makram Ibrahim
Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, EL Marsad Street 1, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract


Zinc oxide (ZnO) disc samples doped with copper oxide as the main impurity were prepared and irradiated for 2 min by 1.064 μm semi-train of 20 ps pulses having energy of 80 mJ in a spot size of 5 mm diameter and average pulse power density of about 1.3 GW/cm2. X-ray diffraction reveals a large increase in the average crystallite size after laser irradiation for 2 min, which leads to a consequent large decrease in the average dislocation as it is inversely proportional to the square of the crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy images show the presence of inter-granular phase and CuO particles between the ZnO grain boundaries. They also show a noticeable decrease of ZnO grain size after laser irradiation for 2 min due to grain melting. Atomic force microscopy shows increase in the roughness after laser irradiation. The laser irradiation of samples also resulted in the destruction of ZnO surface hexagonal structure with large increase of inter-granular spaces, which may be due to grain melting. The laser-induced grain melting also resulted in increasing roughness and in forming pores, cracks and particulates with dimensions comparable to average grain size. The binding energies of Zn 2p, Cu 2p, Cr 2p and O 1s core levels of ZnO varistor surfaces were determined for one sample by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Keywords


Laser Irradiation, Microstructure, Surface Morphology, X-Ray Diffraction, Zinc Oxide.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv116%2Fi11%2F1818-1828