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The force reduction factor (R) and its components for steel buildings are evaluated in this study. The R factor for single-degree-of-freedom models produces non-conservative designs. The global R values can be very different than the local ones. The contribution of damping to R is much more uniformly distributed and different than that of yield, implying that the latter should not be expressed in terms of viscous damping. The value of 8 specified in the codes for R is justified only for low-rise buildings and global parameters, if viscous damping is considered. If damping is not considered, this value cannot be justified in any case, a value of 6 is recommended.

Keywords

Damping, Ductility, Force Reduction Factors, Nonlinear Deformations, Steel Buildings.
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