Current Science

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The summer monsoon of 2019 was rather unusual in terms of the all-India rainfall, with 32.8% deficit in June followed by rainfall being 4.6%, 15.4% and 52.3% above average for July, August and September respectively, resulting in the June–September rainfall being 10% above average (http://imdpune.gov.in/), on the borderline of excess rainfall. In an earlier study1, we had analysed the performance of monsoon in June and July, and the important factors determining the interannual variation, viz. the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO).
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