Effect of Long-Term Nutrient Management on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Rice–Rice–Fallow Rotation

A study was conducted on long-term (for 31 years) rice–rice–fallow cropping sequence to determine the effect of balanced chemical fertilizer and integrated nutrient management (INM; chemical fertilizer + poultry manure 2 tonne ha^–1) on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. C mineralization rate (k), microbial population, SOC and C content in the mean water stable soil aggregate (MWDw) were measured from field soil. The C dynamics was described using DSSAT crop and DNDC models. INM increased soil bacteria and improved SOC stock by 27.98%, although C loss was higher with this treatment. A decreasing trend of bacterial population and SOC was observed in the balanced chemical fertilizer (15%) and fertilizer control (46%) treatments compared to initial soil. A positive correlation (r = 0.94) was found between C content of MWDw and soil bacteria population, which provided evidence of vital contribution of soil bacteria for SOC sequestration. In INM treatment, k (incubation study) was 0.011 tonne year^–1, and it was less than DNDC- and DSSAT-generated data. However, k value (0.010 tonne year^–1) obtained in the incubation study of the balanced chemical fertilizer was similar to DNDC model data. An increasing trend of paddy yield (10 years) was observed in INM compared to balanced chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, microbial population, SOC sequestration and crop yield were high with INM. For sustainable rice production and C sequestration, INM is superior to balanced chemical fertilizer. Between two models used, DNDC is better for prediction of SOC balance.