Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Different Anisotropic Silver Nanocrystals Show Different Antibacterial Activities – An Effect of Different Prominent Crystallographic Orientations in Different Shapes


Affiliations
1 Nano-Physics and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
2 Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India
 

The antibacterial activity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles is well established and various researchers have provided different explanations for the same. We have tested the activity of similar-sized anisotropic Ag nanocrystals. Silver nanocubes and nanohexagons were prepared and their antibacterial activity was tested against a few bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was found that the two shapes were active against all these bacteria. However, the plot of cell density of different bacterial pathogens against the concentration of silver nanocrystals was found to be different for these two shapes. Moreover, half maximal inhibitory concentration value and minimum bactericidal concentration value were also different for the two shapes. XRD analysis showed that both the nanocrystals were crystalline in nature, but their crystallographic orientation was different. So, it can be inferred from this study that some crystallographic planes are probably more active towards reaction with different bacterial compositions and hence, responsible for stronger antibacterial activity.

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity, Anisotropic Silver Nanocrystals, Crystallographic Planes, Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bacterial Concentration.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Taton, T., Mirkin, C. and Letsinger, R., Scanometric DNA array detection with nanoparticle probes. Science, 2000, 289, 1757– 1760.

  • Schultz, S., Smith, D., Mock, J. and Schultz, D., Single-target molecule detection with nonbleaching multicolor optical immunolabels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 996–1001.

  • Yguerabide, J. and Yguerabide, E., Light-scattering submicroscopic particles as highly fluorescent analogs and their use as tracer labels in clinical and biological applications. Anal. Biochem., 1998, 262, 157–176.

  • Sadeghi, B., Garmaroudi, F. S., Hashemi, M., Nezhad, H. R., Nasrollahi, A., Ardalan, S. and Ardalan, S., Comparison of the antibacterial activity on the nanosilver shapes: nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoplates. Adv. Powder Technol., 2012, 23, 22–26.

  • Pal, S., Tak, Y. K. and Song, J. M., Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2007, 73, 1712–1720.

  • Das, R., Saha, M., Hussain, S. A. and Nath, S. S., Silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity on a few bacteria. BioNanoScience, 2013, 3, 67–72.

  • Priyadarshini, S., Gopinath, V., Meera Priyadharsshini, N., Mubarak Ali, D. and Velusamy, P., Synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles using novel strain, Bacillus flexus and its biomedical application. Colloids Surf. B, 2013, 102, 232–237.

  • Singh, P., Kim, Y. J., Singh, H., Mathiyalagan, R., Wang, C. and Chun Yang, D., Biosynthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles by Bhargavaea indica and their synergistic effect with antibiotics against pathogenic microorganisms. J. Nanomater., 2015, 2015, 10; doi:10.1155/2015/234741.

  • Hsueh, Y. H., Lin, K. S., Ke, W. J., Hsieh, C. T., Chiang, C. L., Tzou, D. Y. and Liu, S. T., The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles in Bacillus subtilis are mediated by released Ag+ ions. PLoS ONE, 2015; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144306.

  • Gottschalk, F., Sonderer, T., Scholz, R. W. and Nowack, B., Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO(2), ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for different regions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43, 9216–9222; doi: 10.1021/es9015553.

  • Mueller, N. C. and Nowack, B., Exposure modeling of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42, 4447–4453.

  • Shipelin, V. A., Gmoshinski, I. V. and Khotimchenko, S. A., Risk assessment of silver nanoparticles. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, 98, 012010; doi:10.1088/1757-899X/98/1/012010.

  • Fabrega, J., Luoma, S. N., Tyler, C. R., Galloway, T. S. and Lead, J. R., Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ. Int., 2011, 37, 517–531.

  • Yang, Y., Matsubara, S., Xiong, L., Hayakawa, T. and Nogami, M., Solvothermal synthesis of multiple shapes of silver nanoparticles and their SERS properties. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 9095–9104.

  • Agnihotri, S., Mukherji, S. and Mukherji, S., Immobilized silver nanoparticles enhance contact killing and show highest efficacy: elucidation of the mechanism of bactericidal action of silver. Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 7328–7340; doi:10.1039/C3NR00024A.

  • Bhardwaj, A. K. et al., Power and time dependent microwave assisted fabrication of silver nanoparticles decorated cotton (SNDC) fibers for bacterial decontamination. Front. Microbiol., 2017, 8, 330; doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00330.

  • Deshmukha, S. P., Patila, S. M., Mullani, S. B. and Delekar, S. D., Silver nanoparticles as an effective disinfectant: a review. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2019, 97, 954–965.

  • Ning, C. et al., Concentration ranges of antibacterial cations for showing the highest antibacterial efficacy but the least cytotoxicity against mammalian cells: implications for a new antibacterial mechanism. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2015, 28, 1815– 1822.

  • Kim, Y. J., Yang, S. I. and Ryu, J. C., Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nano-silver in mammalian cell lines. Mol. Cellular Toxicol., 2010, 6, 119–125.

  • Gupta Mukherjee, S., Claonadh, N., Casey, A. and Chambers, G., Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity study of silver nanoparticle on two mammalian cell lines. Toxicol. in vitro, 2012, 26, 238–251.

  • Chopra, I., The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2007, 59, 587–590.

  • Gemmell, C. G., Edwards, D. I., Frainse, A. P., Guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the UK. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2006, 57, 589–608.

  • Shahverdi, A. R., Fakhimi, A., Shahverdi, H. R. and Minaian, S., Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomed.: Nanotechnol., Biol. Med., 2007, 3, 168–171.

  • Rai, M., Yadav, A. and Gade, A., Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol. Adv., 2009, 27, 76–83.

  • Agnihotri, S., Mukherji, S. and Mukherji, S., Size-controlled silver nanoparticles synthesized over the range 5–100 nm using the same protocol and their antibacterial efficacy. RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 3974–3983.

  • Raza, M. A., Kanwal, Z., Rauf, A., Sabri, A. N., Riaz, S. and Naseem, S., Size- and shape-dependent antibacterial studies of silver nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical routes. Nanomaterials, 2016, 6, 74; doi:10.3390/nano6040074.

  • Rajiv, P., Rajeshwari, S. and Venckatesh, R., Bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and its size-dependent antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens. Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 2013, 112, 384–387.

  • Helmlinger, J., Sengstock, C., Groß-Heitfeld, C., Mayer, C., Schildhauer, T. A., Köller, M. and Epple, M., Silver nanoparticles with different size and shape: equal cytotoxicity, but different antibacterial effects. RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 18490–18501.

  • Pal, S., Kyung Tak, Y. and Myong Song, J., Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? a study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2007, 73, 1712–1720.

  • Dong, P. V., Ha, C. H., Binh, L. T. and Kasbohm, J., Chemical synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel-shaped silver nanoparticles. Int. Nano Lett., 2012, 2, 1–9.

  • Kodiyath, R., Malak, S. T. and Combs, Z. A., Assemblies of silver nanocubes for highly sensitive SERS chemical vapor detection. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 2677–2928.

  • Das, R. and Sarkar, S., X-ray diffraction analysis of synthesized silver nanohexagon for the study of their mechanical properties. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2015, 167, 97–102.

  • Sarkar, S. and Das, R., Presence of chlorpyrifos shows blue shift of the absorption peak of silver nanohexagons solution – an indication of etching of nanocrystals and sensing of chlorpyrifos. Sensor. Actuat. B, 2018, 266, 149–159.

  • Sarkar, S. and Das, R., Shape effect on the optical properties of anisotropic silver nanocrystals. J. Lumines., 2018, 198, 464– 470.

  • Liu, X., Huang, R. and Zhu, J., Functional faceted silver nanohexapods: synthesis, structure characterizations, and optical properties. Chem. Mater., 2008, 20, 192.

  • Zhan, H., Zhou, X., Cao, Y., Jagtiani, T., Changa, T. L. and Liang, J. F., Anti-cancer activity of camptothecin nanocrystals decorated by silver nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 2692–2701.

  • Ghosh, T., Das, A. B., Jena, B. and Pradhan, C., Antimicrobial effect of silver zinc oxide (Ag–ZnO) nanocomposite particles. Front. Life Sci., 2015, 8, 47–54.

  • Ibrahim, H. M. M., Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using banana peel extract and their antimicrobial activity against representative microorganisms. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 2015, 8, 265–275.

  • Tran, Q. H., Nguyen, V. Q. and Le, A. T., Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, toxicology, applications and perspectives. Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2013, 4, 033001.

  • Ren, J., Wang, W., Sun, S., Zhang, L., Wang, L. and Chang, J., Crystallography facet-dependent antibacterial activity: the case of Cu2O. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, 50, 10366–10369.

  • Yu, J. et al., Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of a novel hydroxyapatite whisker/nano zinc oxide biomaterial. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 10, 015001.

  • Durán, N., Marcato, P. D., De Conti, R., Alves, O. L., Costa, F. T. M. and Brocchi, M., Potential use of silver nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria, their toxicity and possible mechanisms of action. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2010, 21, 949–959.

  • Erridge, C., Bennett-Guerrero, E. and Poxton, I. R., Structure and function of lipopolysaccharides. Microbes Infect., 2002, 4, 837– 851.

  • Fang, G. et al., Differential Pd-nanocrystal facets demonstrate distinct antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Nature Commun., 2018, 9, Article number 129; doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02502-3.

  • Clifton, L. A. et al., Effect of divalent cation removal on the structure of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane models. Langmuir, 2015, 31, 404–412.

  • Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L. M. and Woolverton, C. J., Microbiology, McGraw-Hill, 2008, 7th edn; ISBN 978–0–07–299291–5.


Abstract Views: 354

PDF Views: 112




  • Different Anisotropic Silver Nanocrystals Show Different Antibacterial Activities – An Effect of Different Prominent Crystallographic Orientations in Different Shapes

Abstract Views: 354  |  PDF Views: 112

Authors

Sumit Sarkar
Nano-Physics and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
Biraj Sarkar
Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India
Sukhendu Mandal
Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India
Ratan Das
Nano-Physics and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India

Abstract


The antibacterial activity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles is well established and various researchers have provided different explanations for the same. We have tested the activity of similar-sized anisotropic Ag nanocrystals. Silver nanocubes and nanohexagons were prepared and their antibacterial activity was tested against a few bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was found that the two shapes were active against all these bacteria. However, the plot of cell density of different bacterial pathogens against the concentration of silver nanocrystals was found to be different for these two shapes. Moreover, half maximal inhibitory concentration value and minimum bactericidal concentration value were also different for the two shapes. XRD analysis showed that both the nanocrystals were crystalline in nature, but their crystallographic orientation was different. So, it can be inferred from this study that some crystallographic planes are probably more active towards reaction with different bacterial compositions and hence, responsible for stronger antibacterial activity.

Keywords


Antibacterial Activity, Anisotropic Silver Nanocrystals, Crystallographic Planes, Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bacterial Concentration.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv118%2Fi12%2F1903-1910