Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Estimation of Source Parameters of Local Earthquakes Based on Inversion of Waveform Data


Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, India
2 Geological Survey of India, Khanij Bhavan, GSI Complex, 15–16 Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur 302 004, India
3 National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
 

Generalized inversion has been used to estimate the various source parameters using S-wave spectra of 17 local crustal earthquakes recorded at the Dhanbad broadband seismic station, Jharkhand, India. Source parameters of another nine local events were compiled from an earlier study for detailed analysis. It was found from the source parameters of 26 events, that the corner frequency lies between 4.56 and 8.62 Hz, seismic moment between 6.2E + 12 and 2.11E + 16 N-m, stress drop between 0.11 and 37.13 MPa, source radius between 144 and 291 m, source displacement between 0.24 and 229 cm, moment magnitude between 2.44 and 4.82, and seismic energy between 8.3E + 06 and 1.13E + 13 Joule. Various empirical relationships were established based on the results of these 26 events, and it was found that the stress drop, corner frequency, source radius and source displacement are inter-related. Analysis also showed that the source parameters were correlated for stress-drop intervals of Δσ > 3.0 MPa and Δσ < 3.0 MPa, and were interpreted to be caused by interrupted rupture propagation because of strain weakening of the rock masses. The mere correlation between focal depth and stress drop found in the present study apparently accounts for high heterogeneities present in the crust beneath the study area.

Keywords

Generalized Inversion, Local Earthquakes, Source Parameters, Waveform Data.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Ansari, M. A. and Khan, P. K., Occurrences of damaging earthquakes between the Himachal and Darjeeling Himalayas: tectonic implications. Acta Geophys., 2014, 62, 699–736.

  • Khan, P. K., Ansari, A. and Singh, D., Insights into the great Mw 7.9 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake. Curr. Sci., 2017, 113, 2014– 2020.

  • Chandra, U., Earthquakes of Peninsular India – a seismotectonic study. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1977, 67, 1387–1413.

  • Bapat, A., Kulkarni, R. C. and Guha, S. K., Catalogue of Earthquakes in India and neighbourhood from historical period up to 1979. Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee, India, 1983.

  • Talwani, P., Fault geometry and earthquakes in continental interiors. Tectonophysics, 1999, 305, 371–379.

  • Mishra, O. P. and Zhao, D., Crack density, saturation rate and porosity at the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake hypocenter: a fluiddriven earthquake. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2003, 212, 393–405.

  • Mandal, P., Rastogi, B. K., Satyanarayana, H. V. S. and Kousalya, M., Results from local earthquake velocity tomography: implications toward the source process involved in generating the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in the lower crust beneath Kachchh (India). Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2004, 94, 633–649.

  • Schulte, S. M. and Mooney, W. D., An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts. Geophys. J. Int., 2005, 161, 707–721.

  • Khan, P. K., Mohanty, S. P., Sinha, S. and Singh, S., Occurrences of large-magnitude earthquakes in the Kachchh region, Gujarat, western India: tectonic implications. Tectonophysics, 2016, 679, 102–116.

  • Bodin, P. and Horton, S., Source parameters and tectonic implications of aftershocks of the Mw Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2004, 94, 818–827.

  • Allmann, B. P. and Shearer, P. M., Global variations of stress drop for moderate to large earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 2009, 114(B01310), 1–22.

  • Chung, W. Y. and Kanamori, H., Variation of seismic source parameters and stress drops within a descending slab and its implications in plate mechanics. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1980, 23, 134–159.

  • Jain, R., Rastogi, B. K. and Sharma, C. S. P., Precursory changes in source parameters for the Koyna–Warna (India) earthquakes. Geophys. J. Int., 2004, 158, 915–921.

  • Brune, J. N., Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves. J. Geophys. Res., 1970, 75, 4997–5009.

  • Srivastav, S. K., Prakash, R., Dattatrayam, R. S., Arora, S. K., Bansal, B. K. and Bhattacharya, S. N., Configuration of an optimum seismological network for India. Mausam, 2005, 56, 465–472.

  • Prakash, R., Suresh, G. and Gahalaut, V. K., Earthquake monitoring in India. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 2020, 86, 631–642.

  • Biswas, B. and Mandal, P., Modeling of source parameters and moment tensors of local earthquakes occurring in the Eastern Indian Shield. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2017, 89, 619–930.

  • Bose, M. K., Precambrian mafic magmatism in the Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 73, 13–35.

  • Sarkar, A. N., Precambrian tectonic evolution of eastern India: a model of converging microplates. Tectonophysics, 1982, 86, 363– 397.

  • Khan, P. K., Variation in dip angle of the Indian plate subducting beneath the Burma plate and its tectonic implications. Geosci. J., 2005, 9, 227–234.

  • Khan, P. K. and Chakraborty, P. P., The seismic b value and its correlation with Bouguer gravity anomaly over the Shillong plateau area: a new insight for tectonic implication. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2007, 29, 136–147.

  • Khan, P. K., Shamim, Sk., Mohanty, S. P. and Aggarwal, S. K., Change of stress patterns during 2004 Mw 9.3 off‐Sumatra mega‐event: insights from ridge–trench interaction for plate margin deformation. Geol. J., 2020, 55, 372–389.

  • Weissel, J. K., Anderson, R. N. and Geller, C. A., Deformation of the Indo-Australian plate. Nature, 1980, 287, 284–291.

  • Shamim, S. K., Khan, P. K. and Mohanty, S. P., Stress reconstruction and lithosphere dynamics along the Sumatra subduction margin. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2019, 170, 174–187.

  • Bose, M. K., Petrology and geochemistry of Proterozoic ‘newer Dolerite’ and associated ultramafic dykes within Singhbhum granite pluton, eastern India. In Indian Dykes: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geochronology (eds Srivastava, R. K., Sivaji, C. and Chalapathi Rao, N. V.), Narosa Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2008, pp. 413–445.

  • Pandey, O. P. and Agrawal, P. K., Lithospheric Mantle Deformation beneath the Indian cratons. J. Geol., 1999, 107, 683–692.

  • Sarkar, S. N. and Saha, A. K., Present status of the Precambrian stratigraphy, tectonics and geochronology of Singhbhum, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj region, eastern India, Indian. J. Earth. Sci., 1977, 4, 37–55.

  • Boatwrlght, J., A spectral theory for circular seismic sources, rumple estimates of source dimension, dynamic stress drop, and radiated energy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1980, 70, 1–28.

  • Fletcher, J. B., Source parameters and crustal Q for four earthquakes in South Carolina. Seismol. Res. Lett., 1995, 66, 44–58.

  • Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T. and Flannery, B. P., Numeric Recipes in C: the Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 1992, 2nd edn, p. 345.

  • Berteusen, K. A., Moho depth determinations based on spectral ratio analysis of NORSAR long-period P-waves. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1977, 31, 313–326.

  • Bhattacharya, S. N., Suresh, G. and Mitra, S., Lithospheric S-wave velocity structure of the Bastar craton, Indian Peninsula, from surface-wave phase velocity measurements. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2009, 99, 2502–2508.

  • Kayal, J. R., Srivastava, V. K., Bhattacharya, S. N., Khan, P. K. and Chatterjee, R., Source parameters and focal mechanisms of local earthquakes: single broadband observatory at ISM Dhanbad. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 4, 413–419.

  • Hanks, T. C. and Kanamori, H., A moment–magnitude scale. J. Geophs. Res., 1979, 84, 2348–2350.

  • Aki, K., Generation and propagation of G-waves from the Niigata earthquake of 16 June 1964. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy, and stress–strain drop from the G-wave spectrum. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 1966, 44, 73–88.

  • Orowan, E., Mechanism of seismic faulting. Geol. Soc. Am. Memoir, 1960, 79, 323–345.

  • Stein, S. and Wysession, M., An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, 2008, p. 498.

  • Shearer, P. M., Introduction to Seismology, Cambridge University Press, UK, 1999, p. 260.

  • Scholz, C. H., The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 1990, p. 441.

  • Rautian, T. G. and Khalturin, V. I., The use of the coda for determination of the earthquake source spectrum. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1978, 68, 923–948.

  • Hasegwa, H. S., Lg spectra of local earthquakes recorded by the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network and spectral scaling. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1983, 75, 1569–1581.

  • Harr, L. C., Fletcher, J. B. and Mueller, C. S., The 1982 Enola, Arkansas, swarm and scaling of ground motion in the eastern United States. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1984, 74, 2463–2482.

  • Mandal, P. and Dutta, U., Estimation of earthquake source parameters in the Kachchh seismic zone, Gujarat, India, from strongmotion network data, using a generalized inversion technique. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2011, 101, 1719–1731.

  • Bora, D. K., Baruah, S., Biswas, R. and Gogoi, N. K., Estimation of source parameters of local earthquakes originated in Shillong– Mikir Plateau and its adjoining region of northeast India. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2013, 103, 437–446.

  • Mandal, P. and Jhonston, A., Estimation of source parameters for the aftershocks of the 2001 Mw Bhuj earthquake, India. Pure Appl. Geophys., 2006, 163, 1537–1560.

  • Upadhayay, S. K. and Ahuja, V. K., Source parameters of earthquakes in northeast India from spectra of Rayleigh waves. Tectonophysics, 1981, 75, 297–315.

  • Kirby, S. H., Rock mechanics observations pertinent to the rheology of the continental lithosphere and the localization of strain along shear zones. Tectonophysics, 1985, 119, 1–27.

  • Brace, W. F. and Kohlstedt, D. L., Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 1980, 85, 6248–6252.

  • Kirby, S. H., Introduction and digest to the special issue on chemical effects of water on the deformation and strengths of rocks. J. Geophys. Res., 1984, 89, 3991–4358.

  • Paterson, M. S., Experimental Rock Deformation – The Brittle Field, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1978, p. 252.

  • Kirby, S. H., Rheology of the lithosphere. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1983, 21, 1458–1487.

  • Bilham, R., Bendick, R. and Wallace, K., Flexure of the Indian plate and intraplate earthquakes. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 2003, 112, 315–329.

  • Khan, P. K., Bhukta, K. and Tarafder, G., Coda Q in Eastern Indian Shield. Acta Geoda. Geophys., 2016, 51, 333–346.

  • Rao, R. U. M., Rao, G. V. and Narain, H., Radioactive heat generation and heat flow in the Indian Shield. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1976, 30, 57–64.

  • Rao, G. V. and Rao, R. U. M., Heat flow in Indian Gondwana basins and heat production of their basement rocks. Tectonophysics, 1983, 91, 105–117.

  • Segall, P. and Pollard, D. D., Joint formation in the granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1983, 94, 563–575.

  • Dasgupta, S. et al., Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs (eds Narula, P. L., Acharya, S. K. and Banerjee, J.), 2000, p. 87.


Abstract Views: 313

PDF Views: 116




  • Estimation of Source Parameters of Local Earthquakes Based on Inversion of Waveform Data

Abstract Views: 313  |  PDF Views: 116

Authors

Prosanta K. Khan
Department of Applied Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, India
Kuntal Bhukta
Geological Survey of India, Khanij Bhavan, GSI Complex, 15–16 Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur 302 004, India
Prantik Mandal
National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India

Abstract


Generalized inversion has been used to estimate the various source parameters using S-wave spectra of 17 local crustal earthquakes recorded at the Dhanbad broadband seismic station, Jharkhand, India. Source parameters of another nine local events were compiled from an earlier study for detailed analysis. It was found from the source parameters of 26 events, that the corner frequency lies between 4.56 and 8.62 Hz, seismic moment between 6.2E + 12 and 2.11E + 16 N-m, stress drop between 0.11 and 37.13 MPa, source radius between 144 and 291 m, source displacement between 0.24 and 229 cm, moment magnitude between 2.44 and 4.82, and seismic energy between 8.3E + 06 and 1.13E + 13 Joule. Various empirical relationships were established based on the results of these 26 events, and it was found that the stress drop, corner frequency, source radius and source displacement are inter-related. Analysis also showed that the source parameters were correlated for stress-drop intervals of Δσ > 3.0 MPa and Δσ < 3.0 MPa, and were interpreted to be caused by interrupted rupture propagation because of strain weakening of the rock masses. The mere correlation between focal depth and stress drop found in the present study apparently accounts for high heterogeneities present in the crust beneath the study area.

Keywords


Generalized Inversion, Local Earthquakes, Source Parameters, Waveform Data.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv119%2Fi7%2F1159-1168