Open Access
Subscription Access
Ecomorphological Variations and Flow-Induced Phenotypic Plasticity in Trichogaster fasciata using Geometric and Truss Analysis
Study of ecomorphological variations in fish of different habitats helps in understanding the diversification of body traits developed due to different environmental conditions. The morphological variations in subpopulations of Trichogaster fasciata induced by different habitats characterized by different environmental conditions have been studied. Overall, 86% and 92% of individuals were correctly classified using linear discriminant function analysis of truss and geometric morphometrics. The individuals from lotic habitat showed a more streamlined body, sloping head and inflated caudal peduncle than those of the lentic habitat which displayed deeper body, broader head and deflated caudal peduncle. Relative warps were used to quantify variations in the form of characteristic interpretation of body shape. The results from the present study help clarify the questions of morphological predictions in the sub-populations of this fish across different flow habitats and provide insights into phenotypic variations in the T. fasciata population.
Keywords
Geometric Morphometrics, Ecomorphological Variation, Phenotypic Plasticity, Trichogaster fasciata, Truss Analysis.
User
Font Size
Information
- Liem, K. F., Toward a new morphology: pluralism in research and education. Am. Zool., 1991, 31, 759–767.
- Wainwright, P. C., Ecomorphology: experimental functional anatomy for ecological problems. Integr. Comp. Biol., 1991, 31, 680–693.
- Shukla, R. and Bhat, A., Morphological divergences and ecological correlates among wild populations of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ. Biol. Fish., 2017, 100, 251–264.
- Cadrin, S. X., Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 2000, 10, 91–112.
- Paugy, D. and Lévêque, C., Taxinomie et systématique. In Les Poissons des Eaux Continentales Africaines, Diversité, Écologie et Utilisation par L’homme (eds Lévêque, C. and Paugy, D.), IRD, Paris, France, 1999, pp. 97–119.
- Wimberger, P. H., Plasticity of fish body shape, the effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: C`ichlidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 1992, 45, 197–218.
- Pinheiro, A., Teixeira, C. M., Rego, A. L., Marques, J. F. and Cabral, H. N., Genetic and morphological variation of Solea lascaris (Risso 1810) along the Portuguese coast. Fish Res., 2005, 73, 67–78.
- Proulx, R. and Magnan, P., Contribution of phenotypic plasticity and heredity to the trophic polymorphism of lacustrine brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis M.). Evol. Ecol. Res., 2004, 6, 503–522.
- Svanbäck, R. and Eklöv, P., Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity: causes of morphological and dietary variation in Eurasian perch. Evol. Ecol. Res., 2006, 8, 37–34.
- Lande, R. and Shannon, S., The role of genetic variation in adaptation and population persistence in a changing environment. Evolution, 1996, 50, 434–437.
- Agrawal, A. A., Phenotypic plasticity in the interaction and evolution of species. Science, 2001, 294, 321–326.
- Fulton, C. J., Binning, S. A., Wainwright, P. C. and Bellwood, D. R., Wave-induced abiotic stress shapes phenotypic diversity in a coral reef fish across a geographical cline. Coral. Reefs, 2013, 32, 685–689.
- Strauss, R. E. and Bookstein, F. L., The truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Syst. Zool., 1982, 31, 113–135.
- Adams, D. C., Rohlf, F. J. and Slice, D. E., Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Ital. J. Zool., 2003, 71, 5–16.
- Bookstein, F. L., Combining the tools of geometric morphometrics. In Advances in Morphometrics (eds Marcus, L. F. et al.), NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences, Plenum Publishing, New York, USA, 1996, vol. 284, pp. 131–151.
- Menon, A. G. K., Check list – fresh water fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 1999, No. 175, p. 366.
- Goodwin, D., The Practical Aquarium Fish Handbook, Sterling Publishing Company, New York, USA, 2003.
- Talwar, P. K. and Jhingran, A. G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands, 1991.
- Begg, G. A. and Waldman, J. R., An holistic approach to fish stock identification. Fish. Res., 1999, 43, 35–44.
- Rohlf, F. J., tpsDig 2.10, Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 2006.
- Elliott, N. G., Haskard, K. and Koslow, J. A., Morphometric analysis of orange roughly (Hoplostethus atianticus) off the continental slope of Southern Australia. J. Fish Biol., 1995, 46, 202–220.
- Bookstein, F. L., Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
- Collin, H. and Fumagalli, L., Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae). Mol. Ecol., 2011, 20, 4490–4502.
- Meyers, P. J. and Belk, M. C., Shape variation in a benthic stream fish across flow regimes. Hydrobiologia, 2014, 738, 147–154.
- Cureton, J. C. and Broughton, R. E., Rapid morphological divergence of a stream fish in response to changes in water flow. Biol. Lett., 2014, 10, 20140352.
- Bronmark, C. and Miner, J. G., Predator-induced phenotypical change in body morphology in crucian carp. Science, 1992, 258, 1348–1350.
- Matthews, W. J., Patterns in Freshwater Fish Ecology, Chapman and Hall, New York, USA, 1998.
- Blake, R. W., Law, T. C., Chan, K. H. S. and Li, J. F. Z., Comparison of the prolonged swimming performances of closely related, morphologically distinct three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus spp. J. Fish. Biol., 2005, 67, 834–848.
- Ehlinger, T. J. and Wilson, D. S., Complex foraging polymorphism in bluegill sunfish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85, 1878–1882.
- Brinsmead, J. and Fox, M. G., Morphological variation between lake-and stream-saima rock bass and pumpkinseed populations. J. Fish Biol., 2002, 61, 1619–1638.
- Webb, P. W., Form and function in fish swimming. Sci. Am., 1984, 251, 72–82.
- Langerhans, R. B., Predictability of phenotypic differentiation across flow regimes in fishes. Integr. Comp. Biol., 2008, 48, 750– 768.
- Rivera, G., Ecomorphological variation in shell shape of the freshwater turtle Pseudemys concinna inhabiting different aquatic flow regimes. Integr. Comp. Biol., 2008, 48, 769–787.
- Rohlf, F. J., Loy, A. and Corti, M., Morphometric analysis of Old World Talpidae (Mammalia, Insectivora) using partial warp scores. Syst. Biol., 1996, 45, 344–362.
- Yaroch, L. A., Shape analysis using the thin-plate spline: neanderthal cranial shape as an example. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1996, 39, 43–89.
- Bhagat, Y., Fox, M. J. and Ferreira, M. T., Morphological diversification in introduced pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus): assessing truss-based and geometric morphometric approaches. Fundam. Appl. Limnol., 2011, 178, 341–351.
- Webster, M. and Sheets, H. D., A practical introduction to landmarkbased geometric morphometrics. Palaeontol. Soc. Pap., 2010, 16, 163–188.
- Parsons, K. J., Robinsona, B. W. and Hrbek, T., Getting into shape: an empirical comparison of traditional truss-based morphometric methods with a newer geometric method applied to New World cichlids. Environ. Biol. Fish, 2003, 67, 417–431.
- Maderbacher, M., Bauer, C., Herler, J., Postl, L., Makasa, L. and Sturmbauer, C., Assessment of traditional versus geometric morphometrics for discriminating populations of the Tropheus moorii species complex (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a Lake Tanganyika model for allopatric speciation. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 2008, 46, 153– 161.
- Ruber, L. and Adams, D. C., Evolutionary convergence of body shape and trophic morphology in cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. J. Evol. Biol., 2001, 14, 325–332.
Abstract Views: 311
PDF Views: 127