Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and water conservation: a potentially unexplored domain


Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, India
 

There is a general consensus that nature-based biological measures can be used as a valuable tool to improve land quality. Microbial technology, e.g. use of mycorrhizal fungi, has been considered a beneficial option in the rehabilitation of disturbed and degraded lands. Mycorrhizal fungi are extremely important to improve soil aggregation and in turn the porosity, erodibility and even soil fertility. This article provides an insight into how mycorrhizal fungi might play a role in reclamation and revegetation of degraded lands with special focus on soil and water conservation. External hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can bind the small soil particles into micro aggregates by producing a glycoprotein (glomalin) which alone can account for 30–60% of carbon in undisturbed soils. Glomalin is derived specifically from the hyphae of AMF and has not been reported in any other fungal species. Besides agriculture, the presence of AMF in the grassland and forest ecosystems is also of great significance as it helps in establishment of native plant species, soil improvement and carbon storage. The increasing interest of soil conservationists in this glycoprotein is also highlighted in this article.

Keywords

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, carbon storage, degraded lands, glycoprotein, soil and water conservation.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Mandal, D. and Sharda, V. N., Assessment of permissible soil loss in India employing a quantitative bio-physical model. Curr. Sci., 2011, 100(3), 383–390.

  • Mandal, D. and Tripathi, K. P., Soil erosion limits for Lakshadweep Archipelago. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96(2), 276–280.

  • Mozafar, A., Anken, T., Ruh, R. and Frossard, E., Tillage intensity, mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi, and nutrient concentrations in maize, wheat, and canola. Agron. J., 2000, 92, 1117–1124.

  • Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Ineichen, K., Mäder, P., Boller, T. and Wiemken, A., Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of central Europe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, 69, 2816–2824.

  • Lenka, N. K., Mandal, D. and Sudhishri, S., Permissible soil loss limits for different physiographic regions of West Bengal. Curr. Sci., 2014, 107(4), 665–670.

  • Quoreshi, A. M., The use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in restoration of disturbed ecosystem. In Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry (eds Siddiqui, Z. A. et al.), Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2008, pp. 303–320.

  • Hooker, J. E., Black, K. E., Perry, R. L. and Atkinson, D., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induced alteration to ischolar_main longevity of poplar. Plant Soil, 1995, 172(2), 327–329.

  • Yakop, F., Taha, H. and Shivanand, P., Isolation of fungi from various habitats and their possible bioremediation. Curr. Sci., 2019, 116(5), 733–740.

  • Marschner, H. and Dell, B., Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Soil, 1994, 159(1), 89–102.

  • Piotrowski, J. S., Annis, S. L. and Longcore, J. E., Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid pathogen of amphibians. Mycologia, 2004, 96(1), 9–15.

  • Mandal, D. et al., 137Cs – a potential environmental marker for assessing erosion-induced soil organic carbon loss in India. Curr. Sci., 2019, 117(5), 865–871.

  • Rillig, M. C., Sara, F. W. and Valerie, T. E., The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation: comparing effects of five plant species. Plant Soil, 2002, 238, 325–333.

  • Miller, R. M. and Jastrow, J. D., The role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil conservation. Mycorrhizae Sustain. Agric., 1992, 54, 29– 44.

  • Costa, O. Y. A., Raaijmakers, J. M. and Kuramae, E. E., Microbial extracellular polymeric substances. Ecological function and impact on soil aggregates. Front. Microbiol., 2018, 9, 1636; doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01636.

  • Graham, J. H. and Abott, L. K., Wheat responses to aggressive and non-aggressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil, 2000, 220, 207–218.

  • Xie, H., Li, J., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Wang, J., He, H. and Zhang, X., Long-term manure amendments reduced soil aggregate stability via redistribution of the glomalin-related soil protein in macroaggregates. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5, 14687.

  • Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. and Niggli, U., Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science, 2002, 296, 1694–1697; doi:10.1126/science.1071148.

  • Wilson, G. W., Rice, C. W., Rillig, M. C., Springer, A. and Hartnett, D. C., Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: results from long-term field experiments. Ecol. Lett., 2009, 12(5), 452–461.

  • Domisch, T., Finér, L., Lehto, T. and Smolander, A., Effect of soil temperature on nutrient allocation and mycorrhizas in Scots pine seedlings. Plant Soil, 2002, 239(2), 173–185.

  • Gavito, M. E., Olsson, P. A., Rouhier, H., Medina-Peñafiel, A., Jakobsen, I., Bago, A. and Azcón-Aguilar, C., Temperature constraints on the growth and functioning of ischolar_main organ cultures with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol., 2005, 168(1), 179– 188.

  • Wang, B., Funakoshi, D. M., Dalpe, Y. and Hamel, C., Phosphorus-32 absorption and translocation to host plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at low ischolar_main-zone temperature. Mycorrhiza, 2002, 12, 93–96.

  • https://www.lebanonturf.com/education-center/biological-planttreatments/mycorrhizalfungi-and-ph-of-soil-or-water (accessed on 4 January 2020).

  • Shukla, A., Kumar, A., Jha, A., Salunkhe, O. and Vyas, D., Soil moisture levels affect mycorrhization during early stages of development of agroforestry plants. Biol. Fert. Soils, 2013, 49(5), 545– 554.

  • Auge, R. M., Water relations, drought and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 2001, 11, 3–42.

  • Mendoza, R., Escudero, V. and Garcia, I., Plant growth, nutrient acquisition and mycorrhizal symbioses of a waterlogging tolerant legume (Lotus glaber Mill.) in a saline–sodic soil. Plant Soil, 2005, 275, 305–315.

  • Karasawa, T., Arihara, J. and Kasahara, Y., Effects of previous crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal formation and growth of maize under various soil moisture conditions. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 2000, 46, 53–60.

  • Tahat, M. M. and Sijam, K., Mycorrhizal fungi and abiotic environmental conditions relationship. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2012, 6(4), 125–188.

  • Melin, E., Physiology of mycorrhizal relations in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 1953, 4, 325–346.

  • Melin, E., Die Bedeutung der Mycorrhiza fur die Versorgung der Pflanze mit Mineralstoffen. In Handbuch der Pjlanzenphysiologie (ed. Ruhland, W.), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1958, p. 1210.

  • Paavilainen, E., On the effect of drainage on ischolar_main systems of Scots pine on peat soils. Commun. Inst. For. Fenn., 1966, 66(1), 1–100.

  • Abbott, L. K. and Robson, A. D., The effect of soil pH on the formation of VA mycorrhizas by two species of Glomus. Soil Res., 1985, 23(2), 253–261.

  • Wang, G. M., Stribley, D. P., Tinker, P. B. and Walker, C., Effects of pH on arbuscular mycorrhiza I. Field observations on the longterm liming experiments at Rothamsted and Woburn. New Phytol., 1993, 124(3), 465–472.

  • Ouzounidou, G., Skiada, V., Papadopoulou, K. K., Stamatis, N., Kavvadias, V., Eleftheriadis, E. and Gaitis, F., Effects of soil pH and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculation on growth and chemical composition of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) leaves. Braz. J. Bot., 2015, 38(3), 487–495.

  • Richards, B. N., Soil pH and mycorrhiza development in Pinus. Nature, 1961, 190(4770), 105.

  • Bakhshandeh, S., Corneo, P. E., Mariotte, P., Kertesz, M. A. and Dijkstra, F. A., Effect of crop rotation on mycorrhizal colonization and wheat yield under different fertilizer treatments. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2017, 247, 130–136.

  • Harinikumar, K. M. and Bagyaraj, D. J., Effect of crop rotation on native vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules in soil. Plant Soil, 1988, 110(1), 77–80.

  • Haider, K. R., The effect of cropping rotation and management on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sustainable dairy cropping system, 2014; https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22664 (accessed on 5 January 2020).

  • Wu, F., Dong, M., Liu, Y., Ma, X., An, L., Young, J. P. W. and Feng, H., Effects of long-term fertilization on AM fungal community structure and Glomalin-related soil protein in the Loess Plateau of China. Plant Soil, 2011, 342(1–2), 233–247.

  • Wright, S. F., Franke-Snyder, M., Morton, J. B. and Upadhyaya, A., Time-course study and partial characterization of a protein on hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during active colonization of ischolar_mains. Plant Soil, 1996, 181(2), 193–203.

  • Wright, S. F., Rillig, M. C. and Nichols, K. A., Glomalin: a soil protein important in carbon sequestration. In Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Annual Meeting Symposium, 2000, pp. 721–725.

  • Six, J., Bossuyt, H., Degryze, S. and Denef, K., A history of research on the link between (micro) aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till. Res., 2004, 79(1), 7–31.

  • Morel, J. L., Habib, L., Plantureux, S. and Guckert, A., Influence of maize ischolar_main mucilage on soil aggregate stability. Plant Soil, 1991, 136(1), 111–119.

  • Mardhiah, U., Caruso, T., Gurnell, A. and Rillig, M. C., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae reduce soil erosion by surface water flow in a greenhouse experiment. Appl. Soil Ecol., 2016, 99, 137–140; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.11.027

  • Kimura, A. C. and Scotti, M. R., Soil aggregation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as indicators of slope rehabilitation in the São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Soil Water Res., 2016, 11(2), 114–123.

  • Celik, I., Ortas, I. and Kilic, S., Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical properties of a chromoxerert soil. Soil Till. Res., 2004, 78, 59–67.

  • Bearden, B. N. and Petersen, L., Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil structure and aggregate stability of a Vertisol. Plant Soil, 2000, 218, 173–183.

  • Treseder, K. K. and Allen, M. F., Mycorrhizal fungi have a potential role in soil carbon storage under elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition. New Phytol., 2000, 147, 189–200.

  • Wright, S. F. and Anderson, R. L., Aggregate stability and glomalin in alternative crop rotations for the central Great Plains. Biol. Fert. Soil, 2000, 31(3–4), 249–253.

  • Wang, W., Zhong, Z., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Fu, Y. and He, X., Glomalin contributed more to carbon, nutrients in deeper soils, and differently associated with climates and soil properties in vertical profiles. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 13003.

  • Xu, M., Li, X., Cai, X., Li, X., Christie, P. and Zhang, J., Land use alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and their potential role in carbon sequestration on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci. Rep.,

  • , 7(1), 3067.

  • Mandal, D., Giri, N. and Srivastava, P., The magnitude of erosioninduced carbon (C) flux and C-sequestration potential of eroded lands in India. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 2020, 71(2), 151–168.


Abstract Views: 184

PDF Views: 80




  • Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and water conservation: a potentially unexplored domain

Abstract Views: 184  |  PDF Views: 80

Authors

Trisha Roy
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, India
Uday Mandal
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, India
Debashis Mandal
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, India
Devideen Yadav
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, India

Abstract


There is a general consensus that nature-based biological measures can be used as a valuable tool to improve land quality. Microbial technology, e.g. use of mycorrhizal fungi, has been considered a beneficial option in the rehabilitation of disturbed and degraded lands. Mycorrhizal fungi are extremely important to improve soil aggregation and in turn the porosity, erodibility and even soil fertility. This article provides an insight into how mycorrhizal fungi might play a role in reclamation and revegetation of degraded lands with special focus on soil and water conservation. External hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can bind the small soil particles into micro aggregates by producing a glycoprotein (glomalin) which alone can account for 30–60% of carbon in undisturbed soils. Glomalin is derived specifically from the hyphae of AMF and has not been reported in any other fungal species. Besides agriculture, the presence of AMF in the grassland and forest ecosystems is also of great significance as it helps in establishment of native plant species, soil improvement and carbon storage. The increasing interest of soil conservationists in this glycoprotein is also highlighted in this article.

Keywords


Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, carbon storage, degraded lands, glycoprotein, soil and water conservation.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv120%2Fi10%2F1573-1577