![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
Design and Development of Human Metabolic Simulator for a Deepwater Manned Submersible
In order to cater to the scientific demand for deep ocean exploration with human presence, manned submersible capable of operating up to 6000 m depth is being designed and developed at National Institute of Ocean Technology. The submersible can accommodate three personnel inside the confined space volume of 4.8 m3 human capsule (personnel sphere) for total endurance of 108 h (12 h normal mission and 96 h in case of emergency). Human Metabolic Simulator was developed by following Det Norske Veritas guideline to validate the life support system design during initial stages of qualification inside the personnel sphere. By considering human respiratory quotient (RQ), HMS was designed by combusting propane gas (RQ 0.6) to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat
Keywords
Human Metabolic Simulator, Life Support System, Manned Submersible, Personnel Sphere, Respiratory Quotient.
User
Font Size
Information
- Frank, B. R., Manned submersibles, Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, United States, 1976.
- Ramadass, G. A., Ramesh, S., Vedachalam, N., Subramanian, A. N. and Sathianarayanan, D., Development of manned submersible MATSYA 6000. In Proceedings of the 15th MTS MUV Symposium, Underwater Intervention Conference, New Orleans, USA, 2018.
- Ramadass, G. A. et al., Challenges in developing deep-water human occupied vehicles. Curr. Sci., 2020, 118(11), 1687–1693.
- Vedachalam, N. et al., Design and development of remotely operated vehicle for shallow waters and polar research. IEEE Underwater Technol. (UT), 2015, 1–5.
- Kudrna, P., Johánek, J., Rožánek, M. and Roubík, K., Metabolic model of the human respiratory system. In E-Health and Bioengineering Conference, IEEE, Lasi, Romania, 2015, pp. 1–4.
- Kyriazi, N., Development of an automated breathing and metabolic simulator. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986, p. 9110.
- Permit-Required confined spaces, occupational safety and health administration, Department of Labor, 1993, 58(9); https://www.osha.gov/FedReg_osha_pdf/FED19930114.pdf
- NRC, Advanced technology for human support in space. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA, 1997.
- Frånberg, O., Loncar, M., Larsson, Å., Örnhagen, H. and Gennser, M. A., Metabolic simulator for unmanned testing of breathing apparatuses in hyperbaric conditions. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 2014, 85(11), 1139–1144.
- Rules for Classification, DNV-GL, Underwater Technology, Part 4 Machinery and Systems, Life Support Systems, Chapter 4, 2018; https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/RU-UWT/2018-01/DNVGLRU-UWT-Pt4Ch4.pdf
- Prabhakar, N. R. and Semenza, G. L., Oxygen sensing and homeostasis. Physiology, 2015, 30(5), 340–348.
- Michiels, C., Physiological and pathological responses to hypoxia. Am. J. Pathol., 2004, 164(6), 1875–1882.
- Spelce, D., McKay, R. T., Johnson, J. S., Rehak, T. R. and Metzler, R. W., Respiratory protection for oxygen deficient atmospheres. J. Int. Soc. Respir. Protect., 2016, 33(2).
- Huszczuk, A., Whipp, B. J. and Wasserman, K. A., A respiratory gas exchange simulator for routine calibration in metabolic studies. Eur. Respir. J., 1990, 3(4), 465–468.
- Albuquerque Neto, C., Yanagihara, J. I. and Turri, F., A carbon monoxide transport model of the human respiratory system applied to urban atmosphere exposure analysis. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 2008, 30(3), 253–260.
- Morse, D., In Carbon Monoxide (eds Laurent, G. J. and Shapiro, S. D.), Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Press, 2006, pp. 324–328.
- Carbon monoxide poisoning, OSHA factsheet, US Department of Labour, 2012; https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/ carbonmonoxide-factsheet.pdf
- Lange, K. E. and Edeen, M. A., Development of a human metabolic simulator (HMS) for air revitalization system testing. Society of Automotive Engineer Technical Paper, No. 961523, 1996.
- Lam, Y. Y. and Ravussin, E., Analysis of energy metabolism in humans: a review of methodologies. Mol. Metab., 2016, 5(11), 1057–1071.
- Ji, W., Luo, M., Cao, B., Zhu, Y., Geng, Y. and Lin, B., A new method to study human metabolic rate changes and thermal comfort in physical exercise by CO2 measurement in an airtight chamber. Energ. Build., 2018, 177, 402–412.
- Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Zheng, Z., Oladokun, M. O. and Fang, Z., Experimental investigation into the effects of different metabolic rates of body movement on thermal comfort. Build. Environ., 2020, 168, 106489.
- Marquis, D., Guillaume, E. R. I. C. and Camillo, A. N. Y. C. E. E., Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter. Fire Saf. Sci., 2014, 11, 138–151.
- Duffield, B., Jeng, F. and Lange, K., Redesign of the human metabolic simulator. SAE Trans., 2004, 1141–1149.
- Wang, X., Laboratory experiment for evaluating characteristics of spontaneous combustion. In Spontaneous Combustion of Coal, Springer, 2020, pp. 73–128.
- Mortazavi, H., Wang, Y., Ma, Z. and Zhang, Y., The investigation of CO2 effect on the characteristics of a methane diffusion flame. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 2018, 92, 97–102.
- Beaver, W. L., Lamarra, N. and Wasserman, K., Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gas exchange. J. Appl. Physiol., 1981, 51(6), 1662–1675.
- Arieli, R., Eynan, M., Arieli, Y. and Abramovich, A., Personal CO2 scrubbing device for use in a disabled submarine. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 2009, 80(6), 561–564.
- Fikri, E. and Veronica, A., Effectiveness of carbon monoxide concentration reduction on active carbon contact system in burning polystyrene foam. Ecol. Eng., 2018, 19(4).
- Letcher, T., Comprehensive renewable energy. Newnes, 2012.
- Propane, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/74986.html
- Cashdollar, K. L., Zlochower, I. A., Green, G. M., Thomas, R. A. and Hertzberg, M., Flammability of methane, propane, and hydrogen gases. J. Loss Prevent Proc., 2000, 13(3–5), 327–340.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 256
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 119