Open Access
Subscription Access
Excess power at cellphone towers to sustain cold chain for COVID-19 and other vaccines in off-the-grid rural areas in India
Vaccines are the only currently available effective means to protect people from COVID-19 and reach herd immunity that restricts further spread of the disease. Vaccines require to be maintained in a cold chain which needs continuous electric power. While even the cities and large townships in the Indian power grid suffer from frequent power outages, a large number of areas are out of the grid and do not have the benefits of electric power. The poor and agrarian communities living in these areas need to be provided with vaccines as much as the urban populations that are being currently served. There are cellphone towers everywhere now, even in the off-grid areas. These towers have excess power which can be harnessed to run the cold chain in the off-grid places, as is being done in some African countries and Myanmar. The background, need and modalities for using power from the cellphone towers to run the vaccine cold chain in the off-grid areas, in the interests of rendering social justice, are discussed in this article.
Keywords
Cellphone towers, COVID-19 pandemic, herd immunity, off-grid areas, smart villages, vaccine cold chain.
User
Font Size
Information
- Giesker, K. and Hensel, M., Bacterial vaccines. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2014; https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bacterial-vaccine (accessed on 17 January 2021).
- Payne, S., Viral vaccines. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2017; https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-anddentistry/virus-vaccine (accessed on 17 January 2021).
- Ozawa, S. et al., Estimated economic impact of vaccinations in 73 low- and middle-income countries, 2001–2020. Bull. WHO, 2017, 95, 629–638.
- World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 vaccines, 2019; https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ covid-19-vaccines (accessed on 17 January 2021).
- Ramirez, A. B., What is Ro? Gauging contagious infections. Health Line, 30 July 2020; https://www.healthline.com/health/rnought-reproduction-number (accessed on 30 January 2021).
- Activity: what is Ro and herd immunity? School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA, 2020; https://sph-umich.shinyapps.io/RoandHerdImmunity/; https://sph.umich.edu/covid/student-projects/activity-rohi.html (accessed on 30 January 2021).
- Sanche, S. et al., High contagiousness and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2020, 26, 1470–1477.
- WHO. Corona virus disease (COVID-19): herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. 31 December 2020; https://www.who.int/ news-room/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19 (accessed on 18 January 2021).
- WHO, The vaccine cold chain, 2019; https://www.who.int/ immunization/documents/IIP2015_Module2.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2021).
- World Bank Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank Group support to electricity access, FY 2000–2014. An independent evaluation, 2015; https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/Data/Evaluation/files/Electricity_Access.pdf (accessed on 2 February 2021).
- International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2016, 2016; http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2016/ (accessed on 2 February 2021).
- Holmes, J. et al., The Smart Villages Initiative: findings 2014–2017. 2017; The-Smart-Villages-Initiative-Findings-2014-2017-web(2)pdf. E4sv.org.
- Verma, R., 600,000 or 1 million? India is unclear on its village count and why that matters. Business Standard, 4 August 2017 (accessed on 31 January 2021).
- Safdar, T. and Heap, B., Energy and agriculture for Smart Villages in India, Technical Report 7, 2016; www.e4sv.org (accessed on 2 February 2021).
- D’Cunha, S. D., Modi announces ‘100% village electrification’, but 31 million Indian homes are still in the dark, 2018; https://www.forbes.com/sites/suparnadutt/2018/05/07/modi-announces100-village-electrification-but-31-million-homes-are-still-in-thedark/?sh=6f58314d63ba (accessed on 18 January 2021).
- Samanth, Y. et al., Evaluation of the cold chain for oral polio vaccine in a rural district of India. Public Health Rep., 2007, 122, 112.
- Rubin, H. and Conant, A., ‘Off-grid’ cell phone towers could save lives. New Sci., 2010, 207, 24–25.
- Aldous, P., Power from cell phone towers keeps vaccines cool. New Sci., 2012, 209, 2866–2868.
- International Telecommunications Union, Measuring digital development, Facts and figures, 2019; https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/Documents/MediaRelations/ITU%20Facts%20and%20Figures%202019%20-%20Embargoed%205%20November%201200%-20CET.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2021).
- Anon., Vaccine storage and handling tool-kit. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, September 2021; www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/storage/toolkit/index.html (accessed on 3 January 2022).
- Schwartz, A., The Bill Gates-backed super thermos saves lives with cold vaccines. SF Weekly, NBC Bay Area, USA, 2013; https://www.fastcompany.com/2682578/this-bill-gates-backed-super-thermos-saves-lives-with-cold-vaccines (accessed on 3 January 2022).
- Heap, R. B. (ed.), Smart Villages: New Thinking for Off-Grid Communities Worldwide, Banson/Smart Villages Initiative, Banson, Cambridge, 2015.
Abstract Views: 375
PDF Views: 137