Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Imprints of vehicular pollution in roadside dust from Kolkata, India: insights from magnetic susceptibility, geo-statistical and SEM studies


Affiliations
1 Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India, India
2 Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Department of Geology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Papum Pare 791 112, India, India
3 Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India, India
4 Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Geology Department, Asutosh College, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India, India
 

The present study aimed to determine the magnetic susceptibility of roadside dust collected from different parts of Kolkata city, West Bengal, India. The average value of susceptibility was 4.96 ´ 10–6 m3/kg, the highest being 19.6 ´ 10–6 m3/kg and the lowest being 1.2 ´ 10–6 m3/kg. The frequency-dependent susceptibility value (average = 2.19) indicated the dominance of stable-single domain grains with a low concentration of superparamagnetic grains at a few locations. SEM analysis showed morphological diversity of road dust – irregular, aggregate, angular and cloudy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the dust particles revealed that Ca-rich, Na-rich and Fe-rich particles were abundant. Compositions were variable with the morphology. The mapping of magnetic susceptibility indicated that the susceptibility values were higher in areas with heavy vehicular traffic and other polluting sources. However, some areas with high pollution had open spaces, indicating the dispersion of magnetic pollutants. The study indicated the degradation of the environment due to anthropogenic activities
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Goddu, S. R., Appel, E., Jordanova, D. and Wehland, R., Magnetic properties of road dust from Visakhapatnam (India) – relationship to industrial pollution and road traffic. Phys. Chem. Earth, 2004, 29(13,14), 985–995.

  • Hoffmann, V., Knab, M. and Appel, E., Magnetic susceptibility mapping of roadside pollution. J. Geochem. Explor., 1999, 66, 313– 326.

  • Gautam, P., Blaha, U. and Appel, E., Magnetic susceptibility of dust-loaded leaves as a proxy of traffic-related heavy metal pollution in Kathmandu city, Nepal. Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 2201–2211.

  • Petrovsky, E. and Ellwood, B. B., Magnetic monitoring of pollution of air, land and waters. In Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism (eds Maher, B. A. and Thompson, R.), Cambridge Uni-versity Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999, pp. 279–322.

  • Gautam, P., Blaha, U. and Appel, E., Integration of magnetic properties and heavy metal chemistry to quantify environmental pollution in urban soils, Kathmandu, Nepal. Himalayan J. Sci., 2004, 2(4), 140– 141.

  • Petrovsky, E., Kapicka, A., Jordanova, N., Knab, M. and Hoff-mann, V., Low-field magnetic susceptibility: a proxy method of esti-mating increased pollution of different environmental systems. Environ. Geol., 2000, 39(3–4), 312–318.

  • Boyko, T., Scholger, R. and Stanjek, H., Topsoil magnetic suscep-tibility mapping as a tool for pollution monitoring: repeatability of in situ measurements. J. Appl. Geophys., 2004, 55, 249–259.

  • Kapicka, A., Petrovsky, E., Ustjak, S. and Machackova, K., Proxy mapping of fly-ash pollution of soils around a coal-burning power plant: a case study in the Czech Republic. J. Geochem. Explor., 1999, 66, 291–297.

  • Hunt, A., The application of mineral magnetic methods to atmospheric aerosol discrimination. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1986, 42, 10–21.

  • Evans, M. E. and Heller, F., Environmental Magnetism: Principles and Applications of Enviromagnetics. 86, International Geophysics Series, Academic Press, Florida, 2003.

  • Brilhante, O., Daly, L. and Trabuc, P., Application of magnetism to detect pollution caused by heavy metals in the environment. CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 1989, 309(II), 2005–2012.

  • Foster, D. L., Charlesworth, S. M., Dearing, J. A., Keen, D. H. and Dalgleish, H. Y., Lake sediment: a surrogate measure of sediment associated heavy metal transport in fluvial systems? In Sediment and Stream Water Quality in a Changing Environment: Trends and Explanation, edn 203, IAHS Press, Wallingford, 1991, pp. 321–328.

  • Charlesworth, S. M. and Lees, J. A., The application of some min-eral magnetic measurements and heavy metal analysis for characteris-ing fine sediments in an urban catchment, Coventry, UK. J. Appl. Geophys., 2001, 48, 113–125.

  • Dunlop, D. and Özdemir, Ö., Rock Magnetism – Fundamentals and Frontiers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997.

  • Georgeaud, V. M., Rochette, P., Ambrosi, J. P., Vandamme, D. and Williamson, D., Relationship between heavy metals and magnetic properties in a large polluted catchment: the etangdeBerre (south of France). Phys. Chem. Earth, 1997, 22, 211–214.

  • Thompson, R. and Oldfield, F., Environmental Magnetism, Allen and Unwin, London, UK, 1986.

  • Fassdinder, J. W. E., Stanjeck, H. and Vali, H., Occurrence of magnetic bacteria in soil. Nature, 1990, 343, 161–163.

  • Morris, W. A., Versteeg, J. K., Bryant, D. W., Legzdins, A. E., McCarry, B. E. and Marvin, C. H., Preliminary comparisons bet-ween mutageneity and magnetic susceptibility of respirable air-borne particulate. Atmos. Environ., 1995, 29, 3441–3450.

  • Versteeg, J. K., Morris, W. A. and Rukavina, N. A., Distribution of contaminated sediment in Hamilton harbour as mapped by magnetic susceptibility. Geosci. Can., 1995, 22(4), 68–100.

  • Mondal, S., Chatterjee, S., Maity, R., Gain, D., Das, A. and Sinha, S., Magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for pollution in Triveni– Bandel area, Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. Curr. Sci., 2016, 112(11), 2306–2311.

  • Dhar, S. B., Influence of the River Ganga on the urban process in Kolkata Metropolitan Area. IOSR-JHSS, 2014, 19(9), 60–67.

  • Das, D. and Chattopadhyay, B. C., Characterization of soil over Kolkata municipal area. In Indian Geotechnical Conference, Guntur, 2009.

  • Lal, D. S., Climatology, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2003.

  • KMDA, Annual Report, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, 2011.

  • CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, 2008–2009, p. 40.

  • Bhaumik, S., Oxygen supplies for Indian Police, BBC, 2007.

  • Utsunomiya, S. and Ewing, R. C., Application of high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning trans-mission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy to the charac-terization of nanoparticles in the environment. Environ. Sci. Tech-nol., 2003, 37, 786–791.

  • Maity, R., Venkateshwarlu, M., Mondal, S., Kapawar, M. R., Gain, D. and Paul, P., Magnetic and microscopic characterization of an-thropogenically produced magnetic particles: a proxy for environ-mental pollution. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020; https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02902-x.

  • Muxworthy, A. R., Effect of grain interactions on the frequency dependency of magnetic susceptibility. Geophys. J. Int., 2001, 144, 441–447.

  • Kim, W., Dosh, S. J. and Yui, Y., Anthropogenic contribution of magnetic particulates in urban roadside dust. Atmos. Environ., 2009, 43, 3137–3144.

  • Bucko, M. S., Magiera, T., Johanson, B., Petrovsky, E. and Pesonen, L. J., Identification of magnetic particulates in road dust accumulated on roadside snow using magnetic, geochemical and micro-morpho-logical analyses. Environ. Pollut., 2011, 159, 1266–1276.

  • Zhang, C. X., Qiao, Q. Q., Piper, J. D. A. and Huang, B. C., Assess-ment of heavy metal pollution from a Fe-smelting plant in urban river sediments using environmental magnetic and geochemical methods. Environ. Pollut., 2011, 159, 3057–3070.

  • Zhu, Z., Li, Z., Bi, X., Han, Z. and Yu, G., Response of magnetic properties to heavy metal pollution in dust from three industrial cities in China. J. Hazard. Mater., 2013, 246–247, 189–198.

  • Shenggao, L., Xi, Y. and Chen, Y., Magnetic properties, micro-structure and mineralogical phases of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) in urban soils: their source identification and environmen-tal implications. Sci. Total Environ., 2016, 543, 239–247.


Abstract Views: 316

PDF Views: 135




  • Imprints of vehicular pollution in roadside dust from Kolkata, India: insights from magnetic susceptibility, geo-statistical and SEM studies

Abstract Views: 316  |  PDF Views: 135

Authors

Supriya Mondal
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India, India
Saurodeep Chatterjee
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Department of Geology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Papum Pare 791 112, India, India
Rimjhim Maity
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India, India
Debesh Gain
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India, India
Dipanjan Mazumdar
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Geology Department, Asutosh College, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India, India

Abstract


The present study aimed to determine the magnetic susceptibility of roadside dust collected from different parts of Kolkata city, West Bengal, India. The average value of susceptibility was 4.96 ´ 10–6 m3/kg, the highest being 19.6 ´ 10–6 m3/kg and the lowest being 1.2 ´ 10–6 m3/kg. The frequency-dependent susceptibility value (average = 2.19) indicated the dominance of stable-single domain grains with a low concentration of superparamagnetic grains at a few locations. SEM analysis showed morphological diversity of road dust – irregular, aggregate, angular and cloudy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the dust particles revealed that Ca-rich, Na-rich and Fe-rich particles were abundant. Compositions were variable with the morphology. The mapping of magnetic susceptibility indicated that the susceptibility values were higher in areas with heavy vehicular traffic and other polluting sources. However, some areas with high pollution had open spaces, indicating the dispersion of magnetic pollutants. The study indicated the degradation of the environment due to anthropogenic activities

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv124%2Fi1%2F56-62