A Hybrid of GNSS Remote Sensing and Ground-based Laser Technology for Geo-referenced Surveying in Mining

Rapid, precise and frugal surveying is a strategic factor in the present mechanized mining environment owing to rapid surface profile transformation in a short period. Determination of global coordinates with high accuracy using the satellite-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has been studied in the mining arena and is gradually becoming an essential component. A case study of Khanak Stone Mine, Haryana, India, is discussed here, highlighting the combination of GNSS system and terrestrial laser scanner for the preparation of a surface profile of a rugged terrain with the key objective to determine the precise in situ rock excavation in periodical phases. The actual tonnage of rock produced/transported from the mine has been calculated by determining the in situ density and bulk density in the laboratory. The study reveals that this survey of appro­ach is apt to achieve quality plan and to obtain the goal of actual tonnage of rocks excavated.