Barren Island volcano: a multi-source analysis of two decades of volcanic activity

Barren Island volcano is the only active stratovolcano within Indian territory. Following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.3 Mw, the volcano gained global attention due to its sudden unrest and violent behaviour. It has been intermittently active since then, between 2005 and 2022. Due to the remote location and inaccessibility of the volcano, Earth Observation technology is the only feasible approach for regular monitoring. The present study utilizes satellite images and their derived products, such as volcanic radiative power, fire information for resource management system, and SO2 data, to understand various volcanic features and assess the volcanic characteristics and patterns during the active phases over the last two decades. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the multi-source satellite datasets in monitoring India’s lone active volcano