Agent-based modelling of biofilm formation and inhibition in Escherichia coli

Biofilm formation by bacteria such as Escherichia coli is a serious challenge faced in the treatment of infections. Biofilms provide a protected environment for the pathogens, where they may persist despite environmental adversities and treatments causing chronic infections. Furanones, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been found to inhibit biofilm formation. An agent-based model of the behaviour of E. coli with regard to formation and inhibition of biofilms, is described here. Analytical tools used in this article allow us to find the optimal range of inhibitor concentration for Gram-negative bacteria. This is made possible by appropriate mathematical analysis, reducing the need for laborious experimental verification. The results are seen to be consistent with published experimental data on biofilm thickness of E. coli when acted upon by furanones. Our model permits estimation of concentration of the inhibitors needed to properly curb biofilms. This in turn has therapeutic implications, in that it may help formulate strategies to prevent the formation and growth of biofilms, especially in the context of devices placed inside the body, like catheters and implants.