Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Chromium Toxicity to Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Susceptible to Fusarium Wilt Pathogen


Affiliations
1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
 

Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and toxicity of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in agricultural soils adversely affect growth and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). The present study was conducted in vitro to assess growth and physiology of tomato under single and combined stress of conidial suspension of FOL, and Cr(III) or Cr(VI). Polygonal interactions of metal- pathogen-plant were investigated in Petri plates lined with sterilized filter papers provided with conidial suspension of FOL (1 × 106) and six different concentrations (50-300 ppm) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) under controlled laboratory conditions in completely randomized design. Maximum inhibition in growth, biomass and chlorophyll contents of tomato seedlings was due to conidial suspension of FOL. Peroxidase activity increases while catalase activity decreases significantly due to conidial suspension of FOL. The toxicity of Cr ions was influenced by their concentration in the solution and speciation. Therefore, growth, biomass and physiology of tomato seedlings were more significantly affected by ions of Cr(VI) than those of Cr(III). The drastic influence of both oxidation states of metal ions increases with increase in concentration of the metal ions. When FOL was given in combination with Cr(III) or Cr(VI), negative effect on the studied parameters of tomato seedlings was less pronounced compared to solitary influence of either FOL or Cr ions.

Keywords

Chromium, Fusarium oxysporum, Physiological Response, Tomato Growth and Yield.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Kumar, K. R., Jagadeesh, K. S., Krishnaraj, P. U. and Patil, M. S., Enhanced growth promotion of tomato and nutrient uptake by plant growth promoting rhizo bacterial isolates in presence of tobacco mosaic virus pathogen. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 2008, 21, 309–331.

  • Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Division (Economic Wing), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2007, pp. 12–13.

  • Arie, T., Takahashi, H., Kodama, M. and Teraoka, T., Tomato as a model plant for plant pathogen interactions. Plant Biotechnol., 2007, 24, 135–147.

  • Abd-Allah, E. F., Hashem, A. and Al-Huqail, A., Biologicallybased strategies to reduce post-harvest losses of tomato. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2011, 32, 6040–6044.

  • Abdel-Monaim, M. F., Induced systemic resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt diseases. Int. Res. J. Microbiol., 2012, 3, 14–23.

  • Idris, A. E., Abouzeid, M. A., Boari, A., Vurro, M. and Evidente, A., Identification of phytotoxic metabolites of a new Fusarium sp. inhibiting germination of Strigaher monthica seeds. Phytopathol. Mediterr., 2003, 42, 65–70.

  • Agrios, G. N., Plant Pathology, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 2006, 5th edn.

  • Poornima, K., Karthik, L., Swadhini, S. P., Mythili, S. and Sathiavelu, A., Degradation of chromium by using novel strains of Pseudomonas species. J. Microbial. Biochem. Technol., 2010, 2, 95–99.

  • Oktor, K., Yilmaz, S., Turker, G. and Erkus, E., Speciative determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in dyeing waste water of Dil Creek discharge to lzmit Gulf (Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey) by ICP-AES. Environ. Assess., 2008, 141, 97–103.

  • Mushtaq, N. and Khan, K. S., Heavy metals contamination of soils in response to wastewater irrigation in Rawalpindi region. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 2010, 47, 215–224.

  • Iqbal, M. A., Chaudhary, M. N., Zaib, S., Imran, M., Ali, K. and Iqba, A., Accumulation of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) in agricultural soils and spring seasonal plants, irrigated by industrial waste water. J. Environ. Technol. Manage., 2011, 2, 1–9.

  • Ahmad, K. et al., Effect of sewage water irrigation on the uptake of some essential minerals in canola (Brassica napus L.): a potential forage crop for ruminants. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci., 2013, 11, 42– 47.

  • Suwalsky, M., Castro, R., Villena, F. and Sotomayor, C. P., Cr(III) exerts stronger structural effects than Cr(VI) on human erythrocyte membrane and molecular modes. J. Inorg. Biochem., 2008, 102, 842–849.

  • Shrivastava, R., Upreti, R. K., Seth, P. K. and Chaturvedi, U. C., Effects of chromium on the immune system. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2002, 34, 1–7.

  • Sharma, D. C., Sharma, C. P. and Tripathi, R. D., Phytotoxic lesions of chromium in maize. Chemosphere, 2003, 51, 63–68.

  • Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., de la Rosa, L. G., Peralta-Videa, J. R., Montes, M., Cruz-Jimenez, G. and Cano-Aguilera, I., Differential uptake and transport of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by Tumble weed (Salsola kali). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2005, 48, 225–232.

  • Chatterjee, J. and Chatterjee, C., Phytotoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in cauliflower. Environ. Pollut., 2000, 109, 69– 74.

  • Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A., Principles of Plant Nutrition, Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, 2001, 5th edn, pp. 664–665.

  • Khurshid, S., Shoaib, A. and Javaid, A., In vitro toxicity evaluation of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on growth and physiology of tomato under chromium (VI) stress. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 2014, 24, 1241–1245.

  • Arnon, D. I., Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 1949, 29, 1–15.

  • Machly, A. C. and Chance, B., In Methods of Biochemical Analysis. (ed. Glick, D.), Inter Science Publications Inc, New York, USA, 1967, pp. 357–424.

  • Kumar, K. B. and Khan, P. A., Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in excised ragi (Eleusine corocana CN. Pv. 202) levels during senescence. Indian J. Exp. Bot., 1982, 20, 412–416.

  • Al-Askar, A. A., Ghoneem, K. M., Rashad, Y. M., Abdulkhair, W. M., Hafez, E. E., Shabana, Y. M. and Baka, Z. A., Occurrence and distribution of tomato seed-borne mycoflora in Saudi Arabia and its correlation with the climatic variables. Microbial Biotechnol., 2014, 7, 556–569.

  • Steinkellner, S., Mammerler, R. and Vierheilig, H., Microconidia germination of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in the presence of ischolar_main exudates. J. Plant Interact., 2005, 1, 23–30.

  • Nelson, P. E., History of Fusarium systematics. Phytopathology, 1991, 81, 1045–1048.

  • Nirmaladevi, D. and Srinivas, C., Cultural, morphological, and pathogenicity variation in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing wilt of tomato. Batman Univ. J. Life Sci., 2012, 2, 1.

  • Kimbrough, D. E., Cohen, Y., Winer, A. M., Creelman, L. and Mabuni, C., A critical assessment of chromium in the environment. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1999, 29, 1–46.

  • Shanker, A. K., Physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of chromium toxicity and tolerance in selected crops and tree species, Dissertation, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, 2003.

  • Barceló, J. and Poschenrieder, C., Chromium in plants. In Chromium Environmental Issues (eds Canali, S., Tittarelli, F. and Sequi, P.), Milano: Franco Angeli. Publ., 1997, pp. 101–129.

  • Abdul-Ghani, A., Effect of chromium toxicity on growth, chlorophyll and some mineral nutrients of Brassica juncea L. Egypt Acad. J. Biol. Sci., 2011, 2, 9–15.

  • Zeid, I. M., Responses of Phaseolus vulgaris to chromium and cobalt treatments. Biol. Plantarum., 2001, 44, 111–115.

  • Shanker, A. K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam, S., Chromium toxicity in plants – a review. Environ. Int., 2005, 31, 739–753.

  • Cervantes, C., Campos-Garcia, J., Devars, S., Gutierrez-Corona, F., Loza-Tavera, H., Torres-Guzman, J. C. and Moreno-Sanchez, R., Interactions of chromium with micro-organisms and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev., 2011, 25, 335–347.

  • Amatussalam, A., Abubacker, M. N. and Rajendran, R. B., In situ Carica papaya stem matrix and Fusarium oxysporum (NCBT-156) mediated bioremediation of chromium. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2011, 49, 925–931.

  • Holda, A., Kisielowska, E. and Niedoba, T., Bioaccumulation of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution by Apergillus niger. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2011, 20, 345–349.

  • Southerton, S. G. and Deverall, B. J., Changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in wheat cultivars expressing resistance to the leaf rust fungus. Plant Pathol., 1990, 39, 223–230.

  • Bhagat, I. and Chakraborty, B., Defense response triggered by Sclerotium rolfsii in tea plants. Ecoprint, 2010, 17, 69–76.

  • Maia, G. C. M., Ogoshi, C., Vieira, J. F., Pierre, R. O., Maia, J. B., Júnior, P. M. R. and de Abreu, M. S., Pigments, total soluble phenols and lignin levels of coffee seedlings inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioide. Coffee Sci., 2012, 7, 152–159.

  • Vajpayee, P., Rai, U. N., Ali, M. B., Tripati, R. D., Yadav, V., Sinha, S. and Singh, S. N., Chromium-induced physiologic changes in Vallisneria spiralis L. and its role in phytoremediation of tannery effluents. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2001, 67, 246–256.

  • Zou, J., Yu, K., Zhang, Z., Jinag, W. and Liu, D., Antioxidant response system and chlorophyll fluorescence in chromium (VI)treated Zea mays L. seedlings. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot., 2009, 51, 23–33.

  • Thakker, J. N., Patel, S. and Dhandhukia, P. C., Induction of defense-related enzymes in banana plants: effect of live and dead pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense. Int. Sch. Res. Not. Biotechnol., 2013, Article ID601303, 6 pages.

  • Ferrari, S. et al., Transgenic expression of a fungal endopolygalacturonase increases plant resistance to pathogens and reduces auxin sensitivity. Plant Physiol., 2008, 146, 669–681.


Abstract Views: 306

PDF Views: 101




  • Chromium Toxicity to Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Susceptible to Fusarium Wilt Pathogen

Abstract Views: 306  |  PDF Views: 101

Authors

Saba Kurshid
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Amna Shoaib
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Arshad Javaid
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract


Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and toxicity of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in agricultural soils adversely affect growth and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). The present study was conducted in vitro to assess growth and physiology of tomato under single and combined stress of conidial suspension of FOL, and Cr(III) or Cr(VI). Polygonal interactions of metal- pathogen-plant were investigated in Petri plates lined with sterilized filter papers provided with conidial suspension of FOL (1 × 106) and six different concentrations (50-300 ppm) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) under controlled laboratory conditions in completely randomized design. Maximum inhibition in growth, biomass and chlorophyll contents of tomato seedlings was due to conidial suspension of FOL. Peroxidase activity increases while catalase activity decreases significantly due to conidial suspension of FOL. The toxicity of Cr ions was influenced by their concentration in the solution and speciation. Therefore, growth, biomass and physiology of tomato seedlings were more significantly affected by ions of Cr(VI) than those of Cr(III). The drastic influence of both oxidation states of metal ions increases with increase in concentration of the metal ions. When FOL was given in combination with Cr(III) or Cr(VI), negative effect on the studied parameters of tomato seedlings was less pronounced compared to solitary influence of either FOL or Cr ions.

Keywords


Chromium, Fusarium oxysporum, Physiological Response, Tomato Growth and Yield.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv110%2Fi3%2F399-404