Microbial fuel cells harness electrons from bacterial oxidation of substrates and have the potential to address two of the major sustainability issues that confront the globe - production of clean energy and wastewater treatment. Relentless multi-disciplinary efforts have opened up possibilities of enhancing efficiency of these systems in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. Detailed studies on individual components provide fundamental insights for performance assessment. Oxygen, an integral component of bioelectrochemical systems, assumes contrasting inhibitory and supportive roles at the anode and cathode respectively.
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