Retinal Vessel Tortuosity based on Curvature for Digital Fundus Images

Tortuosity assessments are used to estimate the tortuosity of retinal vessels as well as the retinal vessel system. In literature numerous strategies for retinal vessel tortuosity focused on curvature have been proposed.  In our paper we have proposed a proficient methodology for retinal vessel tortuosity curve estimation utilizing eigen values of Hessian matrix combined with binarisation with threshold entropy and Hough transform.