A Novel Spectrum Handoff Framework for Cognitive Radio Network

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization via enabling unlicensed customers to take advantage of the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Spectrum handoff is a different kind of handoff in CR necessitated by the reappearance of major person (PU) in the licensed band at present occupied by the secondary customers (SUs). Spectrum handoff processes purpose to help the SUs to vacate the occupied licensed spectrum and discover appropriate target channel to resume the unfinished transmission. Spectrum management helps in acquiring the great spectrum hole for the transmission of SU amongst giant wide variety of reachable spectrum holes. The SU has to have interaction with one-of-a-kind protocol layers of the network to maintain the QoS of an application. Based on the availability of the spectrum, the channel is allocated to the SU. This choice also relies upon on the interior and external insurance policies as well as different regulatory troubles of the spectrum. The reason of spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio networks is to make sure that the transitions are made easily and rapidly such that the applications jogging on a cognitive person identify minimal performance degradation in the course of a spectrum handoff. In this paper, survey two on spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks is presented.