Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN), Architecture, Routing Protocols, Simulation and Modeling Tools, Localization, Security Issues and Some Novel Trends

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are becoming popular everyday due to their important role in different applications, such as offshore search and underwater monitoring. Underwater wireless sensor networks face unique conditions. Therefore, particular routing protocols are needed to route the packets from a source to a destination. Moreover, numerous UWSN’s applications require deploying the security issue; which routing protocols don’t take in consideration. A survey on UWSN architectural view and the routing protocols used for UWSNs are given in this paper. The routing protocols studied and compared with respect to packet delivery ratio, packet delay, energy consumption. Priority and drawbacks of each routing protocol are listed. In addition, a survey of the security issue for UWSNs is presented, and the security requirements in order to secure communication medium in this environment are listed.