Geographic Position Based Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a routing principle that relies on geographic position information of the nodes in the network topology. Both the proactive and reactive protocols do not make use of the location information for routing. In General, Geographic routing encompasses a primary forwarding strategy and a secondary fall back or recovery strategy to route the packets to destination. A Geographic routing protocol called Boundary State Routing (BSR) employs two components namely Greedy-Bounded Compass forwarding, primary forwarding strategy and Boundary Mapping Protocol (BMP), a secondary recovery strategy. The main ideabehind this routing protocol is that the source sends a message to thegeographic location of the destination instead of using the network address. This combination together forms an improved forwardin strategy which can forward the packets around concave boundaries without looping. The Boundary Mapping Protocol is used to detect avoids in the network topology and the outer boundary. Boundary Mapping Protocol also maintains the link state information for boundaries containing concave vertices in order to route the packets around local minima.