IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Subliminal Priming: Its Impact on Affective Judgement


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Psychology, Maharani Kasiswari College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The current research tries to unravel if primes which are not consciously perceivable can impact emotion categorization task. For this study, 101 healthy young adults (male = 38; female = 63) with mean age of males being 22.35 with an SD of 2 and that of females being 22.18 with an SD of 0.77 were made to perform a cognitive task where they had to categorize the emotion displayed by neutral faces after being primed by neutral and negative words, presented supraliminally or subliminally. A software SublimiX was used to generate subliminal stimuli and present the priming task. The neutral facial expressions were created using a software called FaceGen Modeller. General health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1992) was administered to screen psychiatric morbidity in the participants. Results revealed an attention bias towards negative (unpleasant) stimuli.

Keywords

Prime, Subliminal, Supraliminal.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Bareither, I., Chaumon, M., Bernasconi, F., Villringer, A., & Busch, N.A. (2014). Invisible visual stimuli elicit increases in alpha-band power. Journal of Neurophysiology, 112, 1082.

  • Bargh, J.A., & Pietromonaco, P. (1982). Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 437-449.

  • Bower, G.H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.

  • Channouf, A. (2000). Subliminal exposure to facial expressions of emotion and evaluative judgments of advertising messages. European Review of Applied Psychology, 50, 19-23.

  • Charles, L., Gaillard, R., Amado, I., Krebs, M. O., Bendjemaa, N., & Dehaene, S. (2017). Conscious and unconscious performance monitoring: Evidence from patients with schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 144, 153-163. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.056

  • Clore, G.L., & Storbeck, J. (2006). Affect as information about liking, efficacy, and importance. In J. Forgas (Ed.), Hearts and minds: Affective influences on social cognition and behaviour (pp. 123-142). New York: Psychology Press.

  • Cohen, J.D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J.L. (1990). On the control of autonomic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97, 332-361.

  • Eckhardt, C.I., & Cohen, D.J. (1997). Attention to anger-relevant and irrelevant stimuli following naturalistic insult. Personality Individual Difference, 23(4), 619-629.

  • Eimer, M., & Schlaghecken, F. (2003). Response facilitation and inhibition in subliminal priming. Biological Psychology, 64(12), 7-26.

  • Eriksen, C.W., & Schultz, D.W. (1979). Information processing in visual search: A continuous flow conception and experimental results. Perception and Psychophysics, 25, 249-263.

  • Goldberg, D. (1992). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.

  • Green, D.M., & Swets, J.A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Huntington: New York: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co.

  • Greenwald, A.G., Klinger, M.R., & Liu, T.J. (1989). Unconscious processing of dichoptically masked words. Memory and Cognition, 18, 383-400.

  • Hansen, H.C., & Hansen, R.D. (1994). Automatic emotion: Attention and facial efference. CA: Academic Press.

  • Ionescu, M.R. (2016). Subliminal perception of complex visual stimuli. Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology, 60(4), 226-230.

  • Jolij, J., & Lamme, V.A. (2005). Repression of unconscious information by conscious processing: Evidence from affective blind sight induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 10747-10751.

  • Jiménez-Ortega, L., Espuny, J., de Tejada, P.H., Vargas-Rivero, C., & Martín-Loeches, M. (2017). Subliminal emotional words impact syntactic processing: Evidence from performance and event-related brain potentials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 192.

  • Khalid, S., Finkbeiner, M., & König, P. (2013). Subcortical human face processing? Evidence from masked priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(4), 989–1002.

  • Kouider, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007). Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: A critical review of visual masking Philos. Transactions of The Royal Society B Biological Science, 362, 857-875.

  • Lange, C., & James, W. (1922). The emotions V1. Kessinger Publishing.

  • MacLeod, C.M., & MacDonald, P.A. (2000). Inter-dimensional interference in the Stroop effect: Uncovering the cognitive and neutral anatomy of attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 383-391.

  • Marcel, A.J. (1983). Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 238-300.

  • Marzouki, Y., Grainger, J., & Theeuwes, J. (2007). Exogenous spatial cueing modulates subliminal masked priming. Acta Psychologica, 126, 34-45.

  • Muscarella, C., Brintazzoli, G., Gordts, S., Soetens, E., & Van den Bussche, E. (2013). Short- and long-term effects of conscious, minimally conscious and unconscious brand logos. PLoS ONE, 8, e57738.

  • Naccache, L., Gaillard, R., Adam, C., Hasboun, D., Clémenceau, S., Baulac, M., Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2005). A direct intracranial record of emotions evoked by subliminal words. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 7713-7717. doi: 10.1073/pnas. 0500542102

  • Öhman, A. (2002). Automaticity and the amygdala: Nonconscious responses to emotional faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(2), 62-66.

  • Palermo, R., & Rhodes, G. (2007). Are you always on my mind? A review of how face perception and attention interact. Neuropsychologia, 45(1), 75-92.

  • Persuh, M., LaRock, E., & Berger, J. (2018). Working memory and consciousness: The current state of play. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, Article 78.

  • Pichon, S., Guex, R., & Vuilleumier, P. (2016). Influence of temporal expectations on response priming by subliminal faces. PLoS One, 11(10), e0164613.

  • Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.


Abstract Views: 270

PDF Views: 0




  • Subliminal Priming: Its Impact on Affective Judgement

Abstract Views: 270  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Parama Gupta
Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Saheli Chatterjee
Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Reshmi Palit
Department of Psychology, Maharani Kasiswari College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Deepshikha Ray
Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Abstract


The current research tries to unravel if primes which are not consciously perceivable can impact emotion categorization task. For this study, 101 healthy young adults (male = 38; female = 63) with mean age of males being 22.35 with an SD of 2 and that of females being 22.18 with an SD of 0.77 were made to perform a cognitive task where they had to categorize the emotion displayed by neutral faces after being primed by neutral and negative words, presented supraliminally or subliminally. A software SublimiX was used to generate subliminal stimuli and present the priming task. The neutral facial expressions were created using a software called FaceGen Modeller. General health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1992) was administered to screen psychiatric morbidity in the participants. Results revealed an attention bias towards negative (unpleasant) stimuli.

Keywords


Prime, Subliminal, Supraliminal.

References