Performance Evaluation of LEACH, PEGASIS and TEEN Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks based on Network Lifetime

With the advancement of technology in communication and electronic components, cheap and tiny microprocessors that are used to create wireless networks are becoming more readily available. The primary goal of this work is to compare the performance of various routing protocols chosen from wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on network lifetime. To do this, three well-known energy saving hierarchical routing protocols called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol (TEEN) were selected for the study. Because these network protocols rely on hierarchical structures to function and save energy, they are fascinating to investigate. In this research, four-performance metrics considered namely number of nodes in alive, average energy dissipated, operating nodes per round and network lifetime. As a result, the researcher conducted a general analysis of the protocols in terms of performance metrics. The findings of the study show that among the three routing protocols, PEGASIS has longer network lifetime and lesser power consumption while LEACH has the least network lifetime and the highest power consumption. On the other hand, TEEN has been figured out that it has medium performance in terms of both power consumption and network lifetime. This shows that LEACH is ideal for small networks and can be preferable during critical times. Whereas, PEGASIS is ideal for large networks as it has efficient power consumption which results in longer network lifetime.