A Comprehensive Survey of Various Localization Methods in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Internet of Things (IoT) has had an evolutionary impact in recent days. The various changes in lifestyle and other critical influences have a huge impact on the growth of IoT. IoT in localization-based applications has attained remarkable attention, especially in the localization/positioning of vehicle tracking, health sector, etc. Localization is vital for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) in wireless communication technologies. VANET is prominent for most accident prevention, vehicle tracking, and efficient transportation applications. Most of the existing systems contain GPS technology integrated with vehicles for localization-based applications. The evolution of IoT replaces GPS in the VANET localization application. Various localization solutions are evolved in the literature, but it fails to meet the localization precision according to the consumer needs. In this survey, we have done depth analysis of existing technologies and techniques in the field of localization along with IoT. The analysis includes various parameters like RSU usage, Cooperative Localization methods, VANET localization effects, etc. This study describes that the RSU structures did not improve localization accuracy; instead, it minimizes the required mobile anchor nodes in VANET. Different VANET operations and their results related to real-world scenarios are discussed in detail. Finally, as a result of this potential research, a refined methodology is introduced for future research.