International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

An Enhanced Authorization Protocol in Blockchain for Personal Health Information Management System


Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., India
 

Blockchain and cloud-edge computing paradigms have gradually evolved as a profitable alternative for managing patient data in clinical Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Various studies are presented to secure medical records in IoT devices using blockchain schemes. Amongst, eHealthChain is developed to handle medical records obtained from clinical IoT systems. It utilizes Hyperledger Fabric as a blockchain policy to accumulate private medical records. The client's medical record is collected by utilizing the OAuth 2.0 protocol that guarantees the client's authority. Besides, a Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is applied to communicate within an IoT platform. The reliability of the medical data is guaranteed by a consensus method called Kafka. However, the standard OAuth 2.0 protocol neglects the client security problem. Though MQTT offers many-to-many transmissions, the restricted sleep time of devices related to the fixed query waiting is ineffective for resource-constrained networks. Hence, the major contributions of this article are: (i) to develop an Enhanced OAuth (EOAuth) 2.0-based protocol which solves the client security problem and (ii) to utilize a protocol called Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for reliable transmission. It reduces the user verification time by obtaining more trusted clients according to their trust level. Also, a certified security service is employed to get the client’s input securely and conduct the cryptographic processes. Finally, the implementation findings exhibit that the EOAuth and CoAP achieve higher efficiency than the standard protocols.

Keywords

Blockchain, Cloud-Edge Computing, IoT Networks, eHealthChain, OAuth 2.0, MQTT, Consensus, CoAP, Kafka.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • O. Ali, A. Jaradat, A. Kulakli, A. Abuhalimeh, “A comparative study: Blockchain technology utilization benefits, challenges and functionalities,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, pp. 12730-12749.

  • M. A. Uddin, A. Stranieri, I. Gondal, V. Balasubramanian, “A survey on the adoption of blockchain in iot: challenges and solutions,” Blockchain: Research and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, 2021, 1-49.

  • A. Al Sadawi, M. S. Hassan, M. Ndiaye, “A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, pp. 54478-54497.

  • M. I. Rojo-Rivas, D. Díaz-Sánchez, F. Almenarez, A. Marín-Lopez, “Kriper: A blockchain network with permissioned storage,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 138, 2023, pp. 160-171.

  • M. N. M. Bhutta, A. A. Khwaja, A. Nadeem, H. F. Ahmad, M. K. Khan, M. A. Hanif, ... Y. Cao, “A survey on blockchain technology: evolution, architecture and security,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, pp. 61048-61073.

  • A. Verma, P. Bhattacharya, N. Madhani, C. Trivedi, B. Bhushan, S. Tanwar, ... R. Sharma, “Blockchain for Industry 5.0: vision, opportunities, key enablers, and future directions,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, pp. 69160-69199.

  • E. Mbunge, B. Muchemwa, J. Batani, “Sensors and healthcare 5.0: transformative shift in virtual care through emerging digital health technologies,” Global Health Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, 2021, pp. 169-177.

  • R. W. Ahmad, K. Salah, R. Jayaraman, I. Yaqoob, S. Ellahham, M. Omar, “The role of blockchain technology in telehealth and telemedicine,” International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol.148, 2021, pp. 1-10.

  • A. Haleem, M. Javaid, R. P. Singh, R. Suman, S. Rab, “Blockchain technology applications in healthcare: an overview,” International Journal of Intelligent Networks, vol. 2, 2021, pp. 130-139.

  • M. Soni, D. K. Singh, “Blockchain-based security & privacy for biomedical and healthcare information exchange systems,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 1-7.

  • P. Pandey, R. Litoriya, “Securing and authenticating healthcare records through blockchain technology,” Cryptologia, vol. 44, no. 4, 2020, pp. 341-356.

  • P. Ratta, A. Kaur, S. Sharma, M. Shabaz, G. Dhiman, “Application of blockchain and internet of things in healthcare and medical sector: applications, challenges, and future perspectives,” Journal of Food Quality, vol. 2021, 2021, pp. 1-20.

  • P. Pawar, N. Parolia, S. Shinde, T. O. Edoh, M. Singh, “eHealthChain – a blockchain-based personal health information management system,” Annals of Telecommunications, 2021, pp.1-13.

  • X. Xu, X. Wang, Z. Li, H. Yu, G. Sun, S. Maharjan, Y. Zhang, “Mitigating conflicting transactions in hyperledger fabric-permissioned blockchain for delay-sensitive IoT applications,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 13, 2021, pp. 10596-10607.

  • https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.0/blockchain.html

  • S. Hong, H. Kim, “VaultPoint: A blockchain-based SSI model that complies with OAuth 2.0,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 8, 2020, pp. 1-20.

  • D. Dinculeană, X. Cheng, “Vulnerabilities and limitations of MQTT protocol used between IoT devices,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 5, 2019, pp. 1-10.

  • M. Q. Nguyen, D. Loghin, T. T. A. Dinh, “Understanding the scalability of Hyperledger Fabric,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.09886, 2021, pp. 1-10.

  • D. Ichikawa, M. Kashiyama, T. Ueno, “Tamper-resistant mobile health using blockchain technology,” JMIR mHealth and uHealth, vol. 5, no. 7, 2017, pp. 1-10.

  • P. Zhang, J. White, D. C. Schmidt, G. Lenz, S. T. Rosenbloom, “FHIRChain: applying blockchain to securely and scalably share clinical data,” Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, vol. 16, 2018, pp. 267-278.

  • H. Huang, P. Zhu, F. Xiao, X. Sun, Q. Huang, “A blockchain-based scheme for privacy-preserving and secure sharing of medical data,” Computers & Security, vol. 99, 2020, pp. 1-13.

  • T. Benil, J. J. C. N. Jasper, “Cloud based security on outsourcing using blockchain in E-health systems,” Computer Networks, vol. 178, 2020, pp. 1-45.

  • U. Chelladurai, S. Pandian, “A novel blockchain based electronic health record automation system for healthcare,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021, pp. 1-11.

  • D. C. Nguyen, P. N. Pathirana, M. Ding, A. Seneviratne, “BEdgeHealth: a decentralized architecture for edge-based IoMT networks using blockchain,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, pp.1-15.

  • M. Ejaz, T. Kumar, I. Kovacevic, M. Ylianttila, E. Harjula, “Health-BlockEdge: blockchain-edge framework for reliable low-latency digital healthcare applications,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 7, 2021, pp.1-22.

  • T. Kumar, E. Harjula, M. Ejaz, A. Manzoor, P. Porambage, I. Ahmad, M. Ylianttila, “BlockEdge: blockchain-edge framework for industrial IoT networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020, pp.154166-154185.


Abstract Views: 182

PDF Views: 0




  • An Enhanced Authorization Protocol in Blockchain for Personal Health Information Management System

Abstract Views: 182  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Thakur Saikumari
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., India
G. Victo Sudha George
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., India

Abstract


Blockchain and cloud-edge computing paradigms have gradually evolved as a profitable alternative for managing patient data in clinical Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Various studies are presented to secure medical records in IoT devices using blockchain schemes. Amongst, eHealthChain is developed to handle medical records obtained from clinical IoT systems. It utilizes Hyperledger Fabric as a blockchain policy to accumulate private medical records. The client's medical record is collected by utilizing the OAuth 2.0 protocol that guarantees the client's authority. Besides, a Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is applied to communicate within an IoT platform. The reliability of the medical data is guaranteed by a consensus method called Kafka. However, the standard OAuth 2.0 protocol neglects the client security problem. Though MQTT offers many-to-many transmissions, the restricted sleep time of devices related to the fixed query waiting is ineffective for resource-constrained networks. Hence, the major contributions of this article are: (i) to develop an Enhanced OAuth (EOAuth) 2.0-based protocol which solves the client security problem and (ii) to utilize a protocol called Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for reliable transmission. It reduces the user verification time by obtaining more trusted clients according to their trust level. Also, a certified security service is employed to get the client’s input securely and conduct the cryptographic processes. Finally, the implementation findings exhibit that the EOAuth and CoAP achieve higher efficiency than the standard protocols.

Keywords


Blockchain, Cloud-Edge Computing, IoT Networks, eHealthChain, OAuth 2.0, MQTT, Consensus, CoAP, Kafka.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna%2F2023%2F221885