HEERPOP: Hybrid Energy Efficiency Routing Protocol for Optimal Path in the Internet of ThingsBased Sensor Networks

– Internet of Things applications that employ wireless sensor networks (WSNs) most often experience packet loss, delays, and sensor node battery drain. Random cluster head selection, malicious node security flaws, and scalability issues in larger networks cause LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) to use energy unequally. Cluster maintenance costs may negate energy savings, and frequent cluster head re-election wastes energy. Increased cluster traffic may cause packet collisions and interference. Complex OSEAP algorithms may strain resource-constrained sensor nodes and complicate implementation. Security approaches waste energy and weakens key management and attack point security. OSEAP may have data transmission delays due to node mobility and scalability as nodes grow. Energy management and routing are strengths of both protocols, but they must improve to improve wireless sensor network performance and dependability. A routing system that enhances network performance without sacrificing service quality is our greatest hope of overcoming these obstacles. We devised a routing strategy that is effective and energy-efficient to address the unfairness of high traffic loads on WSNs used by Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The suggested protocol chooses the best path based on reliability, lifespan, and next-hop node traffic. For stiff simulations, MATLAB R2015a was utilized. The suggested protocol's Hybrid Energy Efficiency Routing Protocol for Optimal Path in the Internet of Things-Based Sensor Networks (HEERPOP) performance is also compared to other existing modern protocols. The proposed protocol gives better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end latency, and network longevity.