Cross-Layer Information Driven Multi-Constraints Routing Protocol for QoS-Centric VoIP Services in MANETs-enabled IOTs: QLMCR-MVoIP

– The last few years have witnessed significant up-surge in wireless communication systems including wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). Amongst the major innovations, the hybrid networks, especially designed with MANET as base network have gained widespread attention. For instance, MANET-based Internet of Things (MIoT), Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET), Vehicular AdHoc Sensor Network (VASNET) etc. These key innovations have led decisive up-surge in low-cost and personalized communication serving an array of applications including VoiceBased Internet Protocol which has emerged as a low-cost alternate to the Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs). Despite significance of MANETs in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications, guaranteeing quality-of-service (QoS) remains a challenge that keeps on mounting over scalable hybrid networks. Though, Session Initiated Protocols (SIP) have performed satisfactory towards VoIP; however, being centralized in nature its native realization over IEEE 802.11 protocol stack is infeasible. To alleviate it, it requires a robust routing protocol that might guarantee both reliability, low latency, high data rate as well as optimal resource allocation to the VoIP traffics to meet real-time demands. To achieve it, this paper proposed “Cross-Layer Information Driven MultiConstraints Routing Protocol for QoS-Centric VoIP Services in MANETs-enabled hybrid networks (QLMCR-MVoIP). QLMCR-MVoIP protocol applies cross-layer information including VoIP traffic information from the application layer, packet velocity and congestion probability from the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, adaptive link quality from the link layer and on-hop distant topology information from the network layer to perform best forwarding node (BFN) selection and subsequent forwarding path selection in hybrid networks like MANET-IoT and VASNET. It applies VoIP adaptive service differentiation and adaptive resource allocation (VA-SDARA) mechanism to ensure optimal resource allocation to VoIP traffic (data) for Quality-of-Service assurance (QoS). It ensured optimal resource allocation to the VoIP Real-Time Traffics (RTT) traffic while maintaining maximum possible resource for the non-realtime traffic during 100% resource consumption scenario. The depth simulation revealed that the proposed QLMCR-MVoIP protocol achieves average PDR of 96.66% and 95.45% for VoIP RTT traffic in MANET-IoT and VASNET networks. Similarly, it performs PDR of 95.81% and 94.64% for Non-Real-Time (NRT) traffic in MANET-IoT and VASNET network, respectively under the different operating conditions, signifying its suitability towards scalable communication services. The proposed QLMCR-MVoIP protocol efficacy over run-time network traffic with the increasing payloads across the deployed nodes remained unexplored. In future, the efforts can be made to simulate and examine its (i.e., QLMCR-MVoIP protocol) performance over the heterogeneous dynamic loads per node. Additionally, it can be simulated over routing protocol for lowpower lossy (RPL) networks. These key inferences can be considered as the future scope.