A Heterogamous Hierarchical Relative Distance Clustering based Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

Congestion control is an important aspect in Wireless sensor networks when the nodes produce more traffic than the network can handle. In the current era where Internet of things (IoT) is being used extensively in every filed possible, congestion control algorithms play a vital role in maintaining the communication between nodes and the server. The congestion control algorithms take into account the resources available in the network and the nodes trying to communicate to resolve the congestion, achieving the maximum throughput. This paper presents a hybrid heterogeneous hierarchical relative difference clustering technique to avoid congestion in a given WSN. The clustering process is performed on the nodes taking into account their different characteristics. The distance between the nodes, the amount of data transmitted from the node, the energy required for transmission etc are used to cluster the nodes. Once the clustering of the nodes on individual parameters is performed, a hybrid combination of the nodes is formed in such a way that the congestion in the clusters in minimum. The network architecture considered for the experiments consists of a base station, gateways and the nodes that want to communicate the data. The proposed method reduced the congestion in the network to a great extent.