Genetic Algorithm Based LEACH Protocol for Cluster Head Selection to Enhance The Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network

Increased interest in the usage and deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has resulted in the development of a slew of novel routing protocols, all of which place a premium on energy efficiency. The most challenging aspect of wireless sensor network is surviving for an extended period using energy efficiently. To make the network last longer, the protocols must be energy efficient. In Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, Cluster Head (CH) selection is based on a random probability equation, and has limitations such as unequal distribution of clusters and energy, and random selection of CH. In order to solve these limitations, a method is proposed for improving CH selection and reducing CH energy degradation. The proposed algorithm, LEACH-CHGA protocol strengthens CH selection compared to the existing protocol while simultaneously lowering network energy usage. The optimal CH selection based on a genetic algorithm enhances network lifetime and energy consumption as compare to LEACH.