ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Comparative Study of Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Flat-Top Beam Pattern for Synthesis of a Linear Antenna Array


Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Oriental University, India
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions, India
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
5 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


In the present paper three evolutionary algorithms are compared and discussed for synthesizing a linear array of dipole antenna of half-wavelength oriented horizontally. All the dipoles are mutually coupled and designed to radiate the flat-top beam (FTB) pattern including multiple single null steering with little ripple deviation. The adopted evolutionary algorithms are; flower pollination algorithm (FPA), firefly algorithm (FA) and back tracking search algorithm (BSA), respectively. These algorithms are then combined with an efficient Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for reduction in the computation of evaluating time meaningfully. The required synthesis is attained by generating the current amplitudes at 00 and 1800 using binary phase shifters for the antenna array. The performance analysis of key antenna parameters along with the statistical parameters is achieved with the help of the optimization process and compared. In this paper, the MATLAB tool is used as a validation tool and the obtained simulation results are very satisfying and acceptable.

Keywords

Antenna Array, Backtracking Search Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm, Flower Pollination Algorithm, Flat-Beam Pattern, Side Lobe Level, Single Null Placement, Ripple, VSWR.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1992.

  • W.L. Stutzman and G.A. Thiele, “Antenna Synthesis in Antenna Theory and Design”, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1997.

  • A. Chatterjee, G.K. Mahanti and P.R.S. Mahapatra, “Design of Fully Digital Controlled Reconfigurable Dual-Beam Concentric Ring Array Antenna using Gravitational Search Algorithm”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 18, pp. 59-72, 2011.

  • T. Karthikeyan, K. Praghash and K.H. Reddy, “Binary Flower Pollination (BFP) Approach to Handle the Dynamic Networking Conditions to Deliver Uninterrupted Connectivity”, Wireless Personal Communication, Vol. 28, pp. 1-20, 2021.

  • O.M. Bucci, T. Isernia and A.F. Morabito, “An Effective Deterministic Procedure for the Synthesis of Shaped Beams by Means of Uniform-Amplitude Linear Sparse Arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 169-175, 2013.

  • D. Mandal, K.S. Kola and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “Synthesis of Steered Flat-top Beam Pattern using Evolutionary Algorithm”, Advanced Electromagnetics, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 86-90, 2016.

  • H. Patidar, G.K. Mahanti and R. Muralidharan, “Synthesis and Failure Correction of Flattop and Cosecant Squared Beam Patterns in Linear Antenna Arrays”, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, Vol. 4, pp. 25-30, 2017.

  • G.K. Mahanti, A. Chakrabarty and S. Das, “Polynomial Approximated Phase-Only Multiple Sector Beam Patterns of Linear Antenna Arrays with Pre-Fixed Amplitude Distribution using Real-Valued Genetic Algorithms”, International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 285-291, 2007.

  • K. Guney, A. Akdagli and B. Babayigit, “Shaped-Beam Pattern Synthesis of Linear Antenna Arrays with the use of a Clonal Selection Algorithm”, Neural Network World, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 489-501, 2006.

  • A. Akdagli. K. Guney. And B. Babayigit, “Clonal Selection Algorithm for Design of Reconfigurable Antenna Array with Discrete Phase Shifters”, Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 215-227, 2007.

  • M. Thevenot, C. Menudier, A. El Sayed Ahmad and T. Monediere, “Synthesis of Antenna Arrays and Parasitic Antenna Arrays with Mutual Couplings”, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 1-22, 2012.

  • K.M. Lee and R.S. Chu, “Analysis of Mutual Coupling between a Finite Phased Array of Dipoles and its Feed Network”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 1681-1699, 1988.

  • G.K. Mahanti, S. Das, A. Chakrabarty and F. Ares, “Design of Reconfigurable Array Antennas with Minimum Variation of Active Impedances”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 541-544, 2006.

  • H. Patidar and G.K. Mahanti, “Failure Correction of Linear Antenna Array by Changing Length and Spacing of Failed Elements”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 61, pp. 75-84, 2017.

  • H. Steyskal, R.A. Shore and R.L. Haupt, “Methods for Null Control and their Effects on the Radiation Pattern”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 404-409, 1986.

  • M.M. Khodier and C.G. Christodoulou, “Linear Array Geometry Synthesis with Minimum Sidelobe Level and Null Control using Particle Swarm Optimization”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 2674-2679, 2005.

  • R.L. Haupt, “Phase-Only Adaptive Nulling with a Genetic Algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 1009-1015, 1997.

  • H. Patidar and G.K. Mahanti, “QPSO for Synthesis of Scanned Linear Array Antenna for Fixed Side Lobe Level and First Null Beam Width Including Wide Null Placement”, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Applications, pp. 197-204, 2015.

  • H. Patidar and G.K. Mahanti, “QPSO for Synthesis of Linear Array of Isotropic Antennas to Generate Flat-Top Beam Including Multiple Null Placements”, Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication, pp. 46-50, 2015.

  • W. Keizer, “Low-Side Lobe Pattern Synthesis using Iterative Fourier Techniques coded in MATLAB”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 51, No .2, pp. 137-150, 2009.

  • L.L. Wang, D.G. Fang and W.X. Sheng, “Combination of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for Synthesis of Arrays”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 56-59, 2003.

  • P. Civicioglu, “Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Problems”, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 219, No. 15, pp. 8121-8144, 2013.

  • P. Civicioglu, “Circular Antenna Array Design by using Evolutionary Search Algorithms”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 54, pp. 265-284, 2013.

  • R. Muralidharan, A. Vallavaraj and G.K. Mahanti, “QPSO versus BSA for Failure Correction of Linear Array of Mutually Coupled Parallel Dipole Antennas with Fixed Side Lobe Level and VSWR”, Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering, pp. 1-7, 2014.

  • X.S Yang, M. Karamanoglu and X. He, “Multi-Objective Flower Algorithm for Optimization”, Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science, pp. 861-868, 2013.

  • X.S Yang, M. Karamanoglu and X. He, “A Novel Approach for Multiobjective Optimization”, Engineering Optimization, Vol. 46, No. 9, pp. 1222-1237, 2014.

  • X.S. Yang, “Firefly Algorithm, Stochastic Test Functions and Design Optimization”, International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 78-84, 2010.

  • B. Basu and G.K. Mahanti, “Fire Fly and Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm for Synthesis of Scanned and Broadside Linear Array Antenna”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 32, pp. 169-190, 2011.


Abstract Views: 296

PDF Views: 1




  • Comparative Study of Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Flat-Top Beam Pattern for Synthesis of a Linear Antenna Array

Abstract Views: 296  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Hemant Patidar
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Oriental University, India
Vikas Maheshwari
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions, India
Rajib Kar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
Prasanna Kumar Singh
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Vijay Kumar Sahu
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, India

Abstract


In the present paper three evolutionary algorithms are compared and discussed for synthesizing a linear array of dipole antenna of half-wavelength oriented horizontally. All the dipoles are mutually coupled and designed to radiate the flat-top beam (FTB) pattern including multiple single null steering with little ripple deviation. The adopted evolutionary algorithms are; flower pollination algorithm (FPA), firefly algorithm (FA) and back tracking search algorithm (BSA), respectively. These algorithms are then combined with an efficient Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for reduction in the computation of evaluating time meaningfully. The required synthesis is attained by generating the current amplitudes at 00 and 1800 using binary phase shifters for the antenna array. The performance analysis of key antenna parameters along with the statistical parameters is achieved with the help of the optimization process and compared. In this paper, the MATLAB tool is used as a validation tool and the obtained simulation results are very satisfying and acceptable.

Keywords


Antenna Array, Backtracking Search Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm, Flower Pollination Algorithm, Flat-Beam Pattern, Side Lobe Level, Single Null Placement, Ripple, VSWR.

References