ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Whale Optimized PID Controllers for LFC of Two Area Interconnected Thermal Power Plants


Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


This paper elaborates the application of new nature inspired algorithm; ‘Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)’ in load frequency control of two area interconnected non-reheat thermal power plants. Two number of PID controllers have been considered in the investigated system and the parameters of the controllers have been tuned/optimized using WOA. The design problem has been formulated as the constrained optimization problem with upper and lower bounds of controller’s parameters. The integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) has been taken as an objective function in the present work. The parameters of controllers (KP, KI, KD), minimum damping ratio (MDR), the values of performance indices (ITAE, ISTE, ISE, IAE), settling times and overshoots of Δf1, Δf2 and ΔPTie have also been evaluated for the system under investigation using WOA. The simulation results include the dynamic responses of Δf1, Δf2 and ΔPTie for different step load changes from 0.1p.u. to 0.5p.u in area 1 by keeping constant 0.1p.u. step load change in area 2. It has been observed that smooth and better dynamic responses with fewer oscillations, less settling times and less overshoots can be achieved for the system using WOA.

Keywords

Load Frequency Control (LFC), Two Area Interconnected Non Reheat Power System, PID Controllers, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • R.C. Bansal, “Optimization Methods for Electric Power Systems: An Overview”, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-6, 2005.

  • P. Kundur. “Power System Stability and Control”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

  • O.I. Elgerd, “Electric Energy Systems Theory-An Introduction”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000.

  • D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, “Power System Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.

  • P. Bhatt, S.P. Ghoshal and R. Roy, “Load Frequency Stabilization by Coordinated Control of Thermistor Controlled Phase Shifters and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Three Types of Interconnected Two- Area Power Systems”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 32, pp. 1111-1124, 2012.

  • U.K. Rout, R.K. Sahu and S. Panda, “Design and Analysis of Differential Evolution Algorithm based Automatic Generation Control for Interconnected Power System”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 409-421, 2013.

  • S. Panda and N.K. Yegireddy, “Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power System using Multi-Objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 53, pp. 54-64, 2013.

  • L.C. Saikia, J. Nanda and S. Mishra, “Performance Comparison of Several Classical Controllers in AGC for Multi-Area Interconnected Thermal System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 394-401, 2013.

  • S.A. Taher, M.H. Fini and S.F. Aliabadi, “Fractional Order PID Controller Design for LFC in Electric Power Systems using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 121-135, 2014.

  • S. Debbarma, L.C. Saikia and N. Sinha, “Robust Two- Degree-of-Freedom Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 63, pp. 878-886, 2014.

  • L.C. Saikia, J. Nanda and S. Mishra, “Performance Comparison of Several Classical Controllers in AGC for Multi-Area Interconnected Thermal System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 394-401, 2011.

  • J. Talaq and F. Al-Basri, “Adaptive Fuzzy gain scheduling for Load Frequency Control”, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 14, No.1, pp. 145-150, 1999.

  • E.S. Ali and S.M. Abd-Elazim, “Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm based Load Frequency Controller for Interconnected Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 633-638, 2011.

  • H. Gozde and M.C. Taplamacioglu, “Automatic Generation Control Application with Craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization in a Thermal Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 8-16, 2011.

  • H. Shabani, B. Vahidi and M. Ebrahimpour, “A Robust PID Controller based on Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Load-Frequency Control of Power Systems”, ISA Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 88-95, 2012.

  • B. Mohanty, S. Panda and P.K. Hota, “Controller Parameters Tuning of Differential Evolution Algorithm and its Application to Load Frequency control of Multi-Source Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 54, pp. 77-85, 2014.

  • A.K. Barisal, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Teaching Learning based Optimization for Automatic Load Frequency Control of Multi-Sources Power Systems”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 66, pp. 67-77, 2015.

  • Ehsan Bijami, Rohollah Abshari, Seyed Morteza Saghaiannejad and Javad Askari, “Load Frequency Control of Inter- Connected Power System using Emotional Learning based Intelligent Controller”, Proceedings of 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, pp. 76-83, 2012.

  • K. Naidu, H. Mokhlis, A.H.A. Bakar, V. Terzija and H.A. Illias, “Application of Firefly Algorithm with Online Wavelet Filter in Automatic Generation Control of an Interconnected Reheat Thermal Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 63, pp. 401-413, 2014.

  • H. Gozde, M.C. Taplamacioglu and I. Kocaarslan, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in Automatic Generation Control for Interconnected Reheat Thermal Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 42, pp. 167-178, 2012.

  • R.K. Sahu, S. Panda and S. Padhan, “Optimal Gravitational Search Algorithm for Interconnected Power Systems”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 721-733, 2014.

  • S. Panda, B. Mohanty and P.K. Hota, “Hybrid BFOA-PSO Algorithm for Automatic Generation Control of Linear and Nonlinear Interconnected Power Systems”, Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 4718-4730, 2013.

  • R.K. Sahu, S. Panda and G.T.C. Sekher, “A Novel Hybrid PSO-PS Optimized Fuzzy PI Controller for AGC in Multi-Area Interconnected Power System”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 64, pp. 880-893, 2015

  • R.K. Sahu, S. Panda and U.K. Rout, “DE Optimized Parallel 2-DOF PID Controller for Load Frequency Control of Power System with Governor Dead-Band Nonlinearity”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 49, pp.19-33, 2013.

  • V. Soni, G. Parmar, M. Kumar and S. Panda, “HGWO-PS Optimized 2DOF-PID Controller for Non Reheat Two Areas Interconnected Thermal Power Plants: A Comparative Study”, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems, pp. 23-28, 2016.

  • V. Soni, G. Parmar, M. Kumar and S. Panda, “Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization-Pattern Search (hGWO-PS) Optimized 2DOF-PID Controllers for Load Frequency Control (LFC) in Interconnected Thermal Power Plants”, ICTACT Journal on Soft Computing, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 1244-1256, 2016.

  • S. Mirjalili and A. Lewis, “The Whale Optimization Algorithm”, Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 95, pp. 51-67, 2016.

  • V. Soni, G. Parmar and M. Kumar, “A Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization and Pattern search Algorithm for Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Interconnected Power Systems”, International Journal of Advance Intelligence Paradigm, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 21-26, 2017.

  • R. Bhatt, G. Parmar and R. Gupta “Application of WOA in Reduced Order Modelling of LTI Systems”, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical, Electronics and Communication Systems, pp. 22-27, 2017.

  • J. Kaliannan, N. Dey, A.S. Ashour and S. Satapathy, “Performance Evaluation of Objective Functions in Automatic Generation Control of Thermal Power System using Ant Colony Optimization Technique Designed Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 1-17, 2017.


Abstract Views: 221

PDF Views: 0




  • Whale Optimized PID Controllers for LFC of Two Area Interconnected Thermal Power Plants

Abstract Views: 221  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

R. Bhatt
Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, India
G. Parmar
Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, India
R. Gupta
Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, India

Abstract


This paper elaborates the application of new nature inspired algorithm; ‘Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)’ in load frequency control of two area interconnected non-reheat thermal power plants. Two number of PID controllers have been considered in the investigated system and the parameters of the controllers have been tuned/optimized using WOA. The design problem has been formulated as the constrained optimization problem with upper and lower bounds of controller’s parameters. The integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) has been taken as an objective function in the present work. The parameters of controllers (KP, KI, KD), minimum damping ratio (MDR), the values of performance indices (ITAE, ISTE, ISE, IAE), settling times and overshoots of Δf1, Δf2 and ΔPTie have also been evaluated for the system under investigation using WOA. The simulation results include the dynamic responses of Δf1, Δf2 and ΔPTie for different step load changes from 0.1p.u. to 0.5p.u in area 1 by keeping constant 0.1p.u. step load change in area 2. It has been observed that smooth and better dynamic responses with fewer oscillations, less settling times and less overshoots can be achieved for the system using WOA.

Keywords


Load Frequency Control (LFC), Two Area Interconnected Non Reheat Power System, PID Controllers, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).

References