Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria; Not so Innocent!


Affiliations
1 Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
2 Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Plasmodium Vivax Malaria is one of the prevalent causes of Acute febrile illness in India. It is caused by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Though considered a relatively less aggressive malaria in the past, it is increasingly noticed to have many serious complications like that of Falciparum malaria. We studied the complications in 50 Plasmodium vivax admitted cases. Vivax malaria was diagnosed in a patient suffering from acute fever of less than 7 days and showed plasmodium vivax malaria parasite in the peripheral smear and/or was positive for vivax malaria by rapid malarial test. We conclude that complications like cerebral malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, hypoglycemia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia can occur in Vivax malaria as well. 56% of patients had platelet count of less than 75000 cells/microlit while only one patient had a platelet count of less than 25000 cells/microlit. Recognising and initiating early treatment of these complications can reduce the mortality and morbidity in these patients. Vivax malaria may also need treatment by artesunate as like falciparum malaria.

Keywords

Plasmodium, Vivax, Malaria, Complications.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Im JH, Kwon HY, Baek J, Park SW et al. Severe Plasmodium infection in korea. Malar J 2017; 16:51.
  • World Health Organization. World malaria report 2015. Geneva: WHO, 2015.
  • National frame work for malaria elimination in India (2016– 2030).
  • Limaye CS, Londhey VA, Nabar ST. The Study Of Complications Of Vivax Malaria In Comparison With Falciparum Malaria In Mumbai. JAPI October 2012; 60:15-18.
  • Renia L, Wu Howland S, Claser C, et al. Cerebral Malaria: Mysteries at the blood brain barrier. Virulence 2012; 3(2): 193201.
  • Anvikar AR, Shah N, Dhariwal AC, et al. Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in India. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2016; 95(6 Suppl):108-120.
  • Singh SP, Singh R, Ahmad N. Complications of vivax malaria in Uttarakhand, India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2013 Nov;1(4):532535.
  • Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in Malaria Corelation with type and severity. J Assoc Physicians India 2004 Aug; 52:615-618.
  • Lomar AV, Vidal JE, Lomar FP, Barbas CV, de Matos GJ, Boulos M. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to vivax malaria: case report and literature review. Braz J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct; 9(5):425-30.
  • Mukherjee T, Lavania A. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Vivax Malaria. Med J, Armed Forces India 2008; 64(4):365-366.
  • Kasliwal P, Rao MS, Kujur R. Plasmodium vivax malaria: An unusual presentation. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2009;13(2):103-105.
  • Sarkar S, Saha K, Das CS. Three cases of ARDS: An emerging complication of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Lung India 2010; 27(3):154-157.
  • Prakash J, Singh AK, Kumar NS, Saxena RK. Acute Renal Failure in Plasmodium Vivax Malaria. JAPI 2003 march; 52:265-267
  • Nadkar M Y, Huchche A M, Singh R, Pazare A R. Clinical profile of severe Plasmodium vivax Malaria in a Tertiary care centre in Mumbai from June 2010 -January 2011. J Assoc Physicians India. 2012 Oct; 60:11-3.
  • Naik BS. Incidence of Jaundice in Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Prospective Study in Moodabidri, South India. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Science2014; 21(4):24-27.
  • Bhalla A, Suri V, Singh V. Malarial hepatopathy. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:315-20.
  • Rizvi I, Tripathi DK , Chughatai AM , Beg M.Complications associated with plasmodium malaria: A retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital based in western Uttar Pradesh, India. 2013 Jul-Sep;12(3):155-9.
  • Lacerda MVG, Mourão MPG, Alexandre MAA, Siqueira AM, et al. Understanding the clinical spectrum of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review on the contributions of the Brazilian literature. Malaria Journal 2012; 11:12
  • Douglas N M, Anstey Buffet P A, et al. The Anaemia of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Malaria Journal 2012; 11:135.
  • Echeverri M1, Tobón A, Alvarez G, Carmona J, Blair S.Clinical and laboratory findings of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Colombia, 2001. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2003; 45(1):29-34.
  • Antony HA, Parija SC. Antimalarial drug resisatnce: An Overview. Trop Parasitol 2016 jan-jun; 6(1): 30-41.

Abstract Views: 312

PDF Views: 8




  • Plasmodium Vivax Malaria; Not so Innocent!

Abstract Views: 312  |  PDF Views: 8

Authors

Priti Dave
Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
M. D. Mushtaque
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
Shriraj Pawar
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
Kevin Bora
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India
Abhishek Lahoti
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University and Medical College, Pune - 411043, Maharashtra, India

Abstract


Plasmodium Vivax Malaria is one of the prevalent causes of Acute febrile illness in India. It is caused by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Though considered a relatively less aggressive malaria in the past, it is increasingly noticed to have many serious complications like that of Falciparum malaria. We studied the complications in 50 Plasmodium vivax admitted cases. Vivax malaria was diagnosed in a patient suffering from acute fever of less than 7 days and showed plasmodium vivax malaria parasite in the peripheral smear and/or was positive for vivax malaria by rapid malarial test. We conclude that complications like cerebral malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, hypoglycemia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia can occur in Vivax malaria as well. 56% of patients had platelet count of less than 75000 cells/microlit while only one patient had a platelet count of less than 25000 cells/microlit. Recognising and initiating early treatment of these complications can reduce the mortality and morbidity in these patients. Vivax malaria may also need treatment by artesunate as like falciparum malaria.

Keywords


Plasmodium, Vivax, Malaria, Complications.

References