The Indian Practitioner

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Sti/stds in Adolescents: Prevalence, Consequences, Causes & Diagnosis


Affiliations
1 Atlanta, Georgia State, United States
2 MRC- Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai & Former Deputy Director, NIRRH, ICMR, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs) is rising all over the world and also in India. Due to the possible serious consequences in a substantial proportion like infertility, pelvic inflammation or life threatening diseases like ectopic gestation or cancer, it is necessary to diagnose these early and treat them adequately. Despite the agreement in all health personnel that prevention is better than cure, the STDs continue to affect a significant number of persons including young adolescents. This is disastrous in an era when anti-microbial resistance is a humongous challenge. It is therefore necessary that all physicians, whether specialists or not, become aware of the extent of prevalence, causes and methods of diagnosis of STDs so that early treatment can prevent complications. The purpose of this article is to describe the ravages of STDs in Indian adolescents, causes and to facilitate diagnosis of STDs so that the adolescent population is protected from consequences. Once detected the management can follow national and international guidelines for treatment keeping in mind counselling and prevention of spread, and prevention of complications in the youth.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Ref: WHO Fact Sheet - www.who.int/reproductivehealth/ topics/rtis/en/

  • World Health Organization. Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections-2016-2021. WHO, Geneva, 2016.

  • Tracking the hidden epidemic trends in STIs in the US, ATL, US DHHS (2000).

  • Centre for Disease Control. Summary of the 2012 cdc sexually transmitted diseases (std) treatment guidelines. New Hampshire infectious disease prevention, investigation and care services section. CDC Summary_STDs_tt_ Guidelines_2010.

  • National Guidelines on Prevention, Management and Control of Reproductive Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Department of AIDS Control Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, 2014.

  • Desai GS, Patel RM. Incidence of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases in India: levels and differentials. The J of Family Welfare 2011;57:48-60.

  • National Family Health Survey (NHFS-2) Survey- GOIIndia 2006- Indian Institute of Population Sciences. youth_ report_for_website_18sep09-GOI.

  • Prusty RK, Unisa S. Reproductive Tract Infections and Treatment Seeking Behavior among Married Adolescent Women 15-19 Years in India. Int J MCH AIDS. 2013;2:103-10.

  • Joshi JV, Meherji PK, Mali BN et al. Interaction between lower reproductive tract infections, and infertility as seen in Papanicolaou smears. In: Current Concepts in Fertility Regulation and Reproduction. Ed: Puri CP, Van Look PFA, World Health Organization.1992; Wiley Eastern, pgs 567-572.

  • Kumar GA, Dandona R, Kumar SG, Dandona L. Behavioral surveillance of premarital sex among never married young adults in a high HIV prevalence district in India. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:228-35.

  • Mutha AS, Mutha SA, Baghel PJ, PatilRJ, Bhagat SB, Patel SB, Watsa MC. A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey regarding Sex, Contraception and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Commerce College Students in Mumbai. J Clin&Diag Res 2014;8:HC14-HC18.

  • Joshi JV, Mali BN ,Bhave G et al. Cervical neoplasia and cytological manifestations of sexually transmitted infections in HIV seropositive prostitutes. (Letter). Diagnostic Cytopathology 1993; 4:63-64.

  • Bhattar S, Bhalla P, Rawat D, Tripathi R, Kaur R, Sardana K. Asymptomatic reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive women. 2015;33:410412.

  • Kumar R, Goyal A, Singh P, Bhardwaj A, Mittal A, Yadav SS. Knowledge Attitude and Perception of Sex Education among School Going Adolescents in Ambala District, Haryana, India: A Cross-Sectional Study. J ClinDiagn Res. 2017;11:LC01-LC04.

  • Wi T, Lahra MM, Ndowa F, Bala M, Dillon JR, RamonPardo P, Eremin SR, BolanG, Unemo M. Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action. PLoS Med 14(7): e1002344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002344 -pp 1-16.

  • Palayekar V, Joshi JV, Hazari KT et al. Comparison of four nonculture diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trchomatis infection. J Assoc of PhysIndia 2000;48:481-483.

  • Hyman RW, St Onge RP, Kim H, Tamaresis JS, Miranda M, Aparicio AM, Fukushima M, Pourmand N, Giudice LC, Davis RW. Molecular probe technology detects bacteria without culture. BMC Microbiol. 2012;12:29.

  • Grouzard V, Rigal J, Sutton M. Eds. Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Treatment Manual. For Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Medicins Sans Frontiers. 2016 Ch 9.Pps 249-265.

  • Maheswari SU, Kalaivani S. Pattern of sexual behavior in adolescents and young adults attending STD clinic in a tertiary care center in South India. Ind J Sexually Transmitted Diseases.2017;38:171-5.

  • Bhatia R. Universal health coverage framework to combat antimicrobial resistance Indian J Med Res 2018; 147, 228-232.


Abstract Views: 317

PDF Views: 1




  • Sti/stds in Adolescents: Prevalence, Consequences, Causes & Diagnosis

Abstract Views: 317  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Pradnya Tambe
Atlanta, Georgia State, United States
Jayashree Joshi
MRC- Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai & Former Deputy Director, NIRRH, ICMR, India

Abstract


The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs) is rising all over the world and also in India. Due to the possible serious consequences in a substantial proportion like infertility, pelvic inflammation or life threatening diseases like ectopic gestation or cancer, it is necessary to diagnose these early and treat them adequately. Despite the agreement in all health personnel that prevention is better than cure, the STDs continue to affect a significant number of persons including young adolescents. This is disastrous in an era when anti-microbial resistance is a humongous challenge. It is therefore necessary that all physicians, whether specialists or not, become aware of the extent of prevalence, causes and methods of diagnosis of STDs so that early treatment can prevent complications. The purpose of this article is to describe the ravages of STDs in Indian adolescents, causes and to facilitate diagnosis of STDs so that the adolescent population is protected from consequences. Once detected the management can follow national and international guidelines for treatment keeping in mind counselling and prevention of spread, and prevention of complications in the youth.

References