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Retrospective Study of Sociodemographic, Endoscopic, and Histopathologic Features of Esophageal Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Himachal Pradesh, India
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Background: Esophageal Cancer (EC) is one of the least responsive tumors to cancer therapy with overall poor prognosis. Published data from different regions in India have indicated their observations on the local risk factors. Presently, as there seems little prospect of early detection and effective management of this cancer, understanding the etiology of EC may suggest opportunities for its primary prevention.
Material & Methods: A retrospective hospital record-based study was carried out for the period of five years (2014-2019) in Department of Gastroenterology of Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla- a tertiary care hospital located in Sub – Himalyan ranges of North India in Himachal Pradesh.
Results: A total of 363 patients were diagnosed to have EC, 58.68% were male and 41.32% were female with male to female ratio of 1.42:1. Most patients come from rural areas (82.09%) and belonged to low socioeconomic status (38.01%). Most patients were illiterate (41.87%) and were involved in farming works (52.06%). Majority (76.03%) had a history of smoking bidi followed by alcohol consumption (29.20%). The most common primary location of the malignancy was middle third of the esophagus in 44.63% followed by lower third 35.54% and upper third 19.83%. Squamous cell histology was identified in 70.24% patients, while 29.75% patients had adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: EC is one of the important cancers in northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type followed by adenocarcinoma. The most common primary location of the malignancy was middle third of the esophagus followed by lower and upper third. The major risk factors associated with EC included tobacco and alcohol consumption besides low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, rural background and occupation of farming.
Keywords
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