Research Trends for Simulation Modeling, Parametric Optimization of Bead Geometry and Mechanical-Metallurgical Characteristics of Submerged Arc Weld: Review and Future Scope

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a useful metal joining process in fabrication industry. The process is characterized by the use of granular flux blanket that covers the molten weld pool during operation. This arrangement avoids atmospheric contamination to the weld bead, facilitates slower cooling rate and, thereby, enhancing mechanical-metallurgical characteristics of the weldment. It is well-known that several process control parameters influence (directly or indirectly i.e. factorial interaction) various quality features of the weldment. Work, to a far extent, has already been done to study the effects of the parameters (as well as their interactions) like voltage, current, electrode stick-out, wire feed rate, traverse speed etc. on bead geometry, weld quality and performance attributes in terms of mechanical-metallurgical-chemical characteristics of the weld produced by submerged arc welding on structural steel. But the search is still being continued and results thereof are being reported which indicate the necessity of acquiring in depth knowledge in this regard. Control of the above parameters, in a more precise manner, can essentially improve weld quality, enhance the possibility of increased deposition rate and economize the overall process. In consideration of the above, the present reporting outlines the trends of research on various aspects of prediction-modeling, simulation and optimization of submerged arc weld. The application feasibility including relative merits as well as demerits of various modeling-optimization methodologies proposed and adopted by previous investigators in examining the process behavior of SAW has been illustratively highlighted. It is felt that the information provided in this reporting may definitely give an insight to the young researchers especially to identify the ischolar_main locus of the past research progressed in the said field and, thereby, helping them in selection of proper direction of work towards value added outcome for the benefit of both academic fraternity as well as industry personnel.