Discoveries in Neurobiology

Neurobiology is the study of cells of nervous system and their organization to form circuit in order to perform functions. The application of the techniques of molecular biology such as recombinant DNA technology, cDNA library, genomic library, hybridization techniques, molecular markers etc. to studies of nerve cells has resulted in much information about mechanisms of nervous transmission, triggering of gene expression in target cells and storage of information. Brain is the organ specialized for receiving, processing, storing and releasing of stored information. In invertebrates the infrastructure and operations for such functions are relatively less complex than in vertebrates. The human brain is the most advanced and has ability of thinking, storage or memory banks, a parallel computing capabilities and has unique capacity to store systematically the information obtained from the experience of a lifetime. From a study of behavior pattern under artificial and natural conditions, scientists have concluded that the behavior of learning is based on ability to store experience; they have classified learning into non-associative and associative types. In the former the experience results from a single type of event; in the latter, it is the outcome of the interaction of two or more experiences. Learning is dependent on a variety of neural components that include plasticity of nerve cell endings in making and altering patterns of nerve cell networking and neuroreactive molecules that are expressed on induction by stimuli.