International Journal of Plant Sciences

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Biochemical Characterization of Isolates of Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara Causing Sunflower Blight


Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
3 Department of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
4 Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


A pure culture of 25 isolates of Alternaria helianthi were collected from IIOR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and biochemical nature was tested under in vitro. The isolates were characterized based on production of total sugars, total proteins, total free amino acids and phytotoxins. The estimation of all parameters reflected significant variation among all. The isolate Ah-25 produced maximum concentration of total sugar (13.28 mg), while minimum concentration was noticed in Ah-13 (3.10 mg). Similarly, the total proteins content was found highest in the isolate Ah-25 (21.43 mg) and lowest with the isolate Ah-15 (9.53 mg). Among the isolates, the total free amino acids ranged between 5.67 mg (Ah-15) to 21.24 mg (Ah-21). The phytotoxicity of the crude toxin was tested by adopting detached leaf technique at different concentrations. None of the tested isolates have produced symptoms at 50 ppm concentration. However, the typical symptoms of necrotic lesions were observed at 100 ppm with nine isolates (Ah-1, Ah-2, Ah-4, Ah-7, Ah-12, Ah-17, Ah-21, Ah-24 and Ah-25). Among the remaining isolates Ah-3, Ah-5, Ah-6, Ah-9, Ah-10, Ah-11, Ah-16, Ah-18 and Ah-23 showed necrotic symptoms at 200 ppm toxin concentration. Whereas the isolates Ah-8, Ah-13, Ah-14, Ah-15, Ah-19, Ah-20 and Ah-22 resulted in symptom development at 500 ppm concentration. Further, the strains were found to vary in their biochemical composition between all the isolates under the study.

Keywords

Sunflower, Alternaria helianthi, Phytotoxins.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Allen, S.J., Brown, J.F. and Kochman, J.K. (1983). Production of inoculums and field assessement of Alternaria helianthi on sunflower. Pl Dis., 67 : 665-668.

  • Amaresh, V.S. and Nargund, V.B. (1999). Isolation of toxin from Alternaria helianthi causing blight in sunflower. J. Mycol. & Pl. Pathol., 35(2) : 367-369.

  • Balasubramanyam, N. and Kolte, S.J. (1980). Effect of different intensities of Alternaria blight on yield and oil content of sunflower. J. Agril. Sci., 94 : 749-751.

  • Bhaskaran, R. and Kandaswamy, T.K. (1978). Production of toxic metabolite by Alternaria helianthi in vitro and in vivo. Madras Agril. J., 65(12) : 801-804.

  • CMIE (2009). Executive Summary- GDP Growth. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, M.S. (INDIA).

  • Dater, V.V. (1994). Investigation on purple blotch of onion in India. Acta Horti., 358 : 259-263.

  • Khurana, Anil, Mehta, Naresh and Sangwan, M.S. (2005). Variation in biochemical contents of Alternaria brassicae isolates. J. Mycol. & Pl. Pathol., 35:2-10.

  • Kolte, S.J., Balasubramanyam, N., Tiwari, A.N. and Awasti, R.P. (1979). Field performance of fungicides in the control of Alternaria blight of sunflower. Indian J. Agril. Sci., 44 : 555-559.

  • Lipps, P.E. and Herr, L.J. (1986). Reaction of Helianthus, annuus and Helianthus, tuberosus plant introductions to Alternaria helianthi. Pl. Dis., 70: 831-835.

  • Maiero, M., Bean, G.A. and Timothy, J.N. (1991). Toxin production by Alternaria solani and its related phytotoxicity to tomato breeding lines. Phytopathol., 81 : 1030-1033.

  • Mathur, S.J., Prasad, N., Agrawat, J.M. and Chippa, H.P. (1978). Estimation of losses due to Alternaria blight of sunflower. Indian J. Mycol. & Pl. Pathol., 8 : 15.

  • Mayee, C.D. and Datar, V.V. (1986). Phytopathometry, Technical Bulletin-I. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani. 46.

  • Morris, J.B., Yang, S.M. and Wilson, L. (1983). Reaction of Helianthus, species to plant introductions to Alternaria helianthi. Pl. Dis., 70 : 831-835.

  • Reddy, P.C. and Gupta, B.M. (1977). Disease loss appraisal due to leaf blight of sunflower incited by Alternaria helianthi. Indian Phytopathol., 30 : 569-570.

  • Robeson, D.J. and Strobel, G.A. (1985). Deoxyradicinin and 3epideoxyradicinol production by the sunflower pathogen Alternaria helianthi. Ann. Applied Biol., 107 : 409-415.

  • Sadasivan, T.S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical methods for agricultural sciences. 2nd ed. Wiley Estern Limited. New Delhi and Coimbatore. 126.

  • Vishwanath and Kolte, S.J. (1997). Biochemical variation among three isolates of Alternaria brassicae. Indian Phytopathol., 50(3) : 437-438.


Abstract Views: 336

PDF Views: 0




  • Biochemical Characterization of Isolates of Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara Causing Sunflower Blight

Abstract Views: 336  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

J. Rajender
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
B. Pushpavathi
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
M. Santha Lakshmi Prasad
Department of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
S. Sumathi
Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India

Abstract


A pure culture of 25 isolates of Alternaria helianthi were collected from IIOR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and biochemical nature was tested under in vitro. The isolates were characterized based on production of total sugars, total proteins, total free amino acids and phytotoxins. The estimation of all parameters reflected significant variation among all. The isolate Ah-25 produced maximum concentration of total sugar (13.28 mg), while minimum concentration was noticed in Ah-13 (3.10 mg). Similarly, the total proteins content was found highest in the isolate Ah-25 (21.43 mg) and lowest with the isolate Ah-15 (9.53 mg). Among the isolates, the total free amino acids ranged between 5.67 mg (Ah-15) to 21.24 mg (Ah-21). The phytotoxicity of the crude toxin was tested by adopting detached leaf technique at different concentrations. None of the tested isolates have produced symptoms at 50 ppm concentration. However, the typical symptoms of necrotic lesions were observed at 100 ppm with nine isolates (Ah-1, Ah-2, Ah-4, Ah-7, Ah-12, Ah-17, Ah-21, Ah-24 and Ah-25). Among the remaining isolates Ah-3, Ah-5, Ah-6, Ah-9, Ah-10, Ah-11, Ah-16, Ah-18 and Ah-23 showed necrotic symptoms at 200 ppm toxin concentration. Whereas the isolates Ah-8, Ah-13, Ah-14, Ah-15, Ah-19, Ah-20 and Ah-22 resulted in symptom development at 500 ppm concentration. Further, the strains were found to vary in their biochemical composition between all the isolates under the study.

Keywords


Sunflower, Alternaria helianthi, Phytotoxins.

References