Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes

The decline in functional β-cell mass and β-cell dysfunction causes diabetes. Pancreatic β-cells play a fundamental role in controlling the glucose milieu, and β-cells of diabetic patients poorly respond to glucose. The mechanism underlying the pathology of impaired β-cell function is a unique challenge. This concise review summarizes the identity of β-cells during the progression and established diabetes. Understanding β-cell heterogeneity and the dynamic functional state during health and disease progression would be important for designing diabetes therapeutics to restore the β-cell mass by cellreplacement or regeneration approaches.