Journal of Environment and Sociobiology

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Arthropod - Induced Plant Galls with Reference to Aphid Galls and Gall Aphids (Hemiptera, Insecta) in the Himalaya


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1 Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, India
     

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Plant galls are abnormal growth of plant cells as a result of hypertrophy or hyperplasy due to feeding and/or oviposion of arthropods and other organisms. Due to gall induction a co-existence is established for the survival and growth of both plants and the gall inducing organisms. Among arthropods, some members of the insect orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Thysanaptera and acarine familes Tenupalidae, Eriophyidae and Phytoptidae can induce plant galls. Galls are found on about 15,000 plant species from gymposperms to dicotyledons. Gall inducing individuals establish an intimate relationship with the plant for efficient and successful utilisation of habitat and food resources. Plant hormones, i.e., Indole acetic acid (IAA) alone or in combination with tryptophan are mainly responsible for gall induction but their specific mode of action is not yet properly known. There is no geographical boundary of galls in general. In India, aphid galls are restricted only in the Himalaya and more in Northwest Himalaya.

Keywords

Galls, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasy, Phytophagous Arthropods.
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  • Arthropod - Induced Plant Galls with Reference to Aphid Galls and Gall Aphids (Hemiptera, Insecta) in the Himalaya

Abstract Views: 370  |  PDF Views: 3

Authors

S. Chakrabarti
Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, India

Abstract


Plant galls are abnormal growth of plant cells as a result of hypertrophy or hyperplasy due to feeding and/or oviposion of arthropods and other organisms. Due to gall induction a co-existence is established for the survival and growth of both plants and the gall inducing organisms. Among arthropods, some members of the insect orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Thysanaptera and acarine familes Tenupalidae, Eriophyidae and Phytoptidae can induce plant galls. Galls are found on about 15,000 plant species from gymposperms to dicotyledons. Gall inducing individuals establish an intimate relationship with the plant for efficient and successful utilisation of habitat and food resources. Plant hormones, i.e., Indole acetic acid (IAA) alone or in combination with tryptophan are mainly responsible for gall induction but their specific mode of action is not yet properly known. There is no geographical boundary of galls in general. In India, aphid galls are restricted only in the Himalaya and more in Northwest Himalaya.

Keywords


Galls, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasy, Phytophagous Arthropods.

References