Response of the Rivers in Himalaya to Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climate and Neotectonic Evolution of the Orogeny

Himalaya in its S-N transect is traversed by several roughly E-W trending thrusts namely the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT, the youngest), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the South Tibetan Detachment (STD), the Counter Thrust (CT) and apart from this there are several intra-formational thrusts located between HFT and MBT and also between CT and Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ). These thrusts are south verging between HFT and STD and most are north verging between STD and ITSZ (Thakur, 1981; Jamieson et al. 2004). There are several normal faults between STD and CT. The topography slopes southward from little north of STD to HFT and northward from north of STD to ITSZ. This suggests that the Himalayan prism may have evolved in a bivergent manner where both the halves of the prism deform to counter balance the stresses generated due to the northward movement of the Indian Plate. This structural pattern is not uniform and varies laterally. These thrusts/fault when interact with domes like Tso Morari behave as normal fault. This however still requires detailed structural studies, especially in the area north of STD.